Predict the highest and lowest oxidation state of (a) Ti and (b)` Tl

Options

A. `a[0,+3]b[0,+2]`
B. `a[+3,0]b[+4,0]`
C. `a[+4,0]b[+4,0]`
D. `a[+4,+2]b[+3,+1]`

Answer

To predict the highest and lowest oxidation states of Titanium (Ti) and Thallium (Tl), we will analyze their electronic configurations and the common oxidation states they exhibit.

### Step 1: Determine the oxidation states of Titanium (Ti)
1. **Identify the atomic number and electronic configuration**: Titanium has an atomic number of 22. Its electronic configuration is:
\[ \text{Ti: } [Ar] 3d^2 4s^2 \]
2. **Determine possible oxidation states**:
- The highest oxidation state occurs when Titanium loses all its valence electrons (both 4s and 3d). Thus:
\[ \text{Maximum oxidation state of Ti} = +4 \]
- The lowest oxidation state occurs when Titanium loses only the 4s electrons. Thus:
\[ \text{Minimum oxidation state of Ti} = +2 \]

### Step 2: Determine the oxidation states of Thallium (Tl)
1. **Identify the atomic number and electronic configuration**: Thallium has an atomic number of 81. Its electronic configuration is:
\[ \text{Tl: } [Xe] 6s^2 6p^1 \]
2. **Determine possible oxidation states**:
- The highest oxidation state occurs when Thallium loses all its valence electrons (both 6s and 6p). Thus:
\[ \text{Maximum oxidation state of Tl} = +3 \]
- The lowest oxidation state occurs when Thallium loses only the 6p electron. Thus:
\[ \text{Minimum oxidation state of Tl} = +1 \]

### Final Results
- For Titanium (Ti):
- Highest oxidation state: +4
- Lowest oxidation state: +2
- For Thallium (Tl):
- Highest oxidation state: +3
- Lowest oxidation state: +1

### Summary
- **Titanium (Ti)**:
- Highest oxidation state: +4
- Lowest oxidation state: +2
- **Thallium (Tl)**:
- Highest oxidation state: +3
- Lowest oxidation state: +1