Thallium(Tl) Show +1 stable oxidation state due to because

Options

A. Of high reactivity
B. Of inert pair effect
C. Of its amphoteric nature
D. It is a transition metal

Answer

To understand why thallium (Tl) shows a +1 stable oxidation state, we can break down the explanation into a series of steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Element**:
- Thallium (Tl) is a chemical element with the atomic number 81.

2. **Determine the Electron Configuration**:
- The electron configuration of thallium can be written as:
\[ [Xe] 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6s^{2} 6p^{1} \]
- This shows that thallium has a filled inner shell (xenon core) and additional electrons in the outermost shell.

3. **Understand the Oxidation States**:
- Thallium can exhibit multiple oxidation states, primarily +1 and +3.
- The +1 oxidation state is achieved by losing one 6p electron, while the +3 oxidation state is achieved by losing both 6s and 6p electrons.

4. **Inert Pair Effect**:
- The +1 oxidation state is more stable due to the inert pair effect.
- The inert pair effect refers to the tendency of the outermost s-electrons (in this case, the 6s electrons) to remain non-bonding or "inert" in heavier elements of the p-block.

5. **Stability of +1 Oxidation State**:
- In heavier p-block elements like thallium, the +1 oxidation state becomes more stable because the 6s electrons are less likely to participate in bonding due to their higher energy and the inert pair effect.
- Thus, Tl prefers to exhibit the +1 oxidation state over the +3 state.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, thallium shows a +1 stable oxidation state primarily due to the inert pair effect, which stabilizes the +1 state over the +3 state.

### Final Answer:
Thallium (Tl) shows a +1 stable oxidation state due to the inert pair effect, which makes the +1 state more stable compared to the +3 state.

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