Mutation theory to explain mechanism of evolution was given by Hugo de Vries and he experimented on the :

Options

A. Garden pea
B. Fruit fly
C. China rose
D. Evening primerose

Answer

To answer the question regarding the organism that Hugo de Vries experimented on to propose the mutation theory, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mutation Theory**:
- Mutation theory was proposed by Hugo de Vries, a Dutch botanist. It explains that evolution can occur through sudden, large changes (mutations) rather than gradual changes.

2. **Definition of Mutations**:
- De Vries defined mutations as large, discontinuous variations that are heritable. This means that these variations can be passed down to the next generation.

3. **Significance of Mutations**:
- According to de Vries, these mutations can lead to 'saltation', which refers to the sudden emergence of new species from these significant changes.

4. **Identifying the Organism Used in Experiments**:
- De Vries conducted his experiments on a specific plant to support his mutation theory.
- The options provided are:
- A) Garden pea
- B) Fruit fly
- C) China rose
- D) Evening primrose

5. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Garden Pea (Pisum sativum)**: Incorrect. This was used by Mendel for his laws of inheritance.
- **Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)**: Incorrect. This organism was used by Morgan to study genetic linkage.
- **China Rose (Hibiscus)**: Incorrect. While it is used in various genetic experiments, it is not associated with de Vries's mutation theory.
- **Evening Primrose**: Correct. De Vries performed his experiments on the evening primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana) to develop his mutation theory.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **D) Evening Primrose**.