Before industrilizaiton set in England :

Options

A. Only white winged moths were present on trees
B. White winged moth were less in number on tress
C. Dark winged moths are less in number on trees
D. White winged moths are absent

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Environment Before Industrialization:**
- Before industrialization, England had a pollution-free environment. The trees in this area had a light, whitish color due to the absence of soot and pollution.

2. **Presence of Moth Species:**
- In this environment, two species of moths were present: the white-winged moths and the dark-winged moths.
- The white-winged moths had wings that were predominantly white, allowing them to blend in with the light-colored trees.

3. **Population Dynamics:**
- The white-winged moths were abundant because they could camouflage well against the light background of the trees, which protected them from predators.
- Conversely, the dark-winged moths, which had black wings, were less common. Their dark coloration made them more visible against the light-colored trees, leading to higher predation rates.

4. **Impact of Industrialization:**
- With the onset of industrialization, pollution increased significantly. The trees became covered in soot, changing their color to a darker shade.
- This change in the environment altered the dynamics between the two moth species.

5. **Natural Selection Process:**
- After industrialization, the dark-winged moths were now better suited to the new environment. Their dark wings allowed them to camouflage effectively against the darker trees.
- As a result, the population of dark-winged moths increased, while the white-winged moths became more vulnerable to predators due to their visibility against the dark background.

6. **Conclusion:**
- The shift in the environment due to industrialization led to a change in the population dynamics of the moth species, demonstrating the concept of natural selection, where the traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in the population over time.

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