Assertion :- In England, before industrialisation, it was observed that there were more white-winged moths on trees than dark-winged or melanised moths.
Reason :- White winged moths can survive in non industrialised area.

Options

A. If both Assertion & Reason are True & the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
B. If both Assertion & Reason are True but Reason is a not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
C. If Assertion is True but the Reason is False.
D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Answer

To analyze the assertion and reason statements provided in the question, let's break down the information step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Assertion**:
- The assertion states that before industrialization in England, there were more white-winged moths than dark-winged moths on trees.
- This can be understood in the context of the environment at that time, which was non-industrialized and had a lot of lichens growing on tree barks.

2. **Environmental Context**:
- In the pre-industrialized era (around the 1850s), the environment was relatively clean, allowing lichens to thrive.
- Lichens are sensitive to pollution, particularly sulfur dioxide, and serve as indicators of air quality.

3. **Camouflage and Survival**:
- The white-winged moths blended in with the white lichens on the trees, making it difficult for predators to spot them.
- Conversely, the dark-winged or melanized moths stood out against the lighter background, making them more susceptible to predation.

4. **Natural Selection**:
- This scenario illustrates natural selection, where the white-winged moths had a survival advantage in a non-polluted environment, leading to their higher population.

5. **Understanding the Reason**:
- The reason states that white-winged moths can survive in non-industrialized areas.
- This is true because the lack of pollution allowed for the presence of lichens, which provided camouflage for the white-winged moths.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Both the assertion and the reason are true statements. The assertion accurately describes the situation before industrialization, and the reason correctly explains why the white-winged moths thrived in that environment.
- Therefore, the correct answer is that both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

### Final Answer:
Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion.

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