The presence of ketone bodies in urine are indicative of ?

Options

A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Starvation
D. Both 2 and 3

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Ketone Bodies**: Ketone bodies are produced during the metabolism of fats and proteins when carbohydrates are not sufficiently available. They can be detected in urine.

2. **Identifying Conditions Related to Ketone Bodies**: The presence of ketone bodies in urine can indicate several conditions. The two primary conditions associated with ketone bodies are:
- **Diabetes Mellitus**: In this condition, due to insufficient insulin, glucose cannot be utilized effectively, leading to the breakdown of fats and proteins, resulting in the production of ketone bodies.
- **Starvation**: In the absence of food intake, the body starts to utilize fat and protein stores for energy, leading to the formation of ketone bodies.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Diabetes Insipidus**: This condition is unrelated to ketone body production and is primarily a problem with water regulation in the body.
- **Option 2: Diabetes Mellitus**: This condition is associated with the presence of ketone bodies due to the body's inability to use glucose properly.
- **Option 3: Starvation**: This condition also leads to the production of ketone bodies as the body breaks down fat and protein for energy.
- **Option 4: Both 2 and 3**: Since both diabetes mellitus and starvation can lead to the presence of ketone bodies in urine, this option is valid.

4. **Conclusion**: The presence of ketone bodies in urine can indicate either diabetes mellitus or starvation. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option 4: Both 2 and 3**.

---