Ectopic pregnancy is prevented by :-

Options

A. Intact of zona pellucida
B. Ciliated columnar cells of fallopian tube
C. Pulsatile movement of fallopiantube
D. Both (1) and (2)

Answer

To solve the question "Ectopic pregnancy is prevented by:", we will analyze the options provided and understand the mechanisms involved in preventing ectopic pregnancies.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ectopic Pregnancy**:
- Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tubes, but it can also occur in the abdominal cavity or the cervix. This is not a viable pregnancy and can lead to serious complications.

2. **Identifying the Options**:
- The options given are:
1. Intact zona pellucida
2. Ciliated columnar cells of the fallopian tube
3. Pulsatile movement of the fallopian tube
4. Both 1 and 2

3. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Intact Zona Pellucida**:
- The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the plasma membrane of the ovum. It plays a crucial role in preventing ectopic pregnancies by ensuring that the fertilized egg can only implant in the uterus. If the zona pellucida is intact, it helps in the proper transport and implantation of the embryo in the uterus.
- **Ciliated Columnar Cells of the Fallopian Tube**:
- These cells help in the movement of the ovum from the ovary to the uterus. While they assist in the transport process, they do not directly prevent ectopic pregnancies.
- **Pulsatile Movement of the Fallopian Tube**:
- Similar to the ciliated cells, this movement aids in the transport of the ovum. It does not prevent ectopic implantation but rather facilitates the movement towards the uterus.
- **Both 1 and 2**:
- This option suggests that both the intact zona pellucida and ciliated cells contribute to preventing ectopic pregnancies, which is incorrect since only the zona pellucida is directly involved.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer is **Intact Zona Pellucida** (Option 1). It is the primary factor that helps prevent ectopic pregnancies by ensuring proper implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus.

### Final Answer:
Ectopic pregnancy is prevented by **Intact Zona Pellucida**.