According to Hugo deVries mutations are:

Options

A. Large
B. Random
C. Directionless
D. All of the above

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mutations**:
- Mutations are changes in the genetic material, specifically in the DNA sequences. They can occur in various forms and can affect an organism's traits.

2. **Hugo de Vries' Contribution**:
- Hugo de Vries was a Dutch botanist who proposed the mutation theory of evolution. He suggested that mutations are a significant factor in the process of evolution and speciation.

3. **Characteristics of Mutations According to de Vries**:
- **Large**: De Vries believed that mutations often involve significant changes in the genetic material, which can lead to noticeable differences in the organism.
- **Random**: He posited that mutations occur randomly and are not directed towards a specific purpose or outcome.
- **Directionless**: Mutations do not have a predetermined direction; they can lead to various outcomes, some beneficial, some neutral, and some harmful.

4. **Saltation**:
- De Vries introduced the concept of "saltation," which refers to the idea that evolution can occur in large jumps rather than through gradual changes. This is a result of these large mutations.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the above points, according to Hugo de Vries, mutations are characterized as large, random, and directionless. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "all of the above."

### Final Answer:
According to Hugo de Vries, mutations are: **all of the above** (large, random, and directionless).

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