Helotism found in :-

Options

A. Epiphytes
B. Termites and Flagellates
C. Lichen
D. Birds and tree

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Helotism**: Helotism is a type of relationship that can be described as a "king and slave" dynamic. In this relationship, one organism (the "king") exerts control over another organism (the "slave").

2. **Identifying the Organisms**: The question provides several options: epiphytes, termites, flagellates, lichens, and birds and trees. We need to analyze which of these options exhibits helotism.

3. **Analyzing Lichens**: Lichens are a symbiotic association between fungi and algae. In this case, the fungal part acts as the "king" because it sends out structures called haustoria into the algal cells. This allows the fungus to control the algal part, which is the "slave."

4. **Role of Algae in Lichens**: The algal part, under the influence of the fungus, secretes organic substances that benefit the fungus. The fungus also prevents the alga from developing a protective pectic covering, further establishing control.

5. **Comparing Other Options**:
- **Epiphytes**: These plants grow on trees but do not harm or control the tree, indicating a commensal relationship.
- **Termites and Flagellates**: This is a mutualistic relationship where both organisms benefit, but it does not fit the definition of helotism.
- **Birds and Trees**: This relationship is also more of a commensalism, where birds benefit from the tree without affecting it.

6. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the only option that fits the definition of helotism is lichens. Therefore, the correct answer is lichens.

**Final Answer**: Helotism is found in lichens.

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