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Numerous forms of the periodic table hav...

Numerous forms of the periodic table have been devised from time to time. A modern version, which is most convenient and widely used is the long or extended form of periodic table. The horizontal rows are called periods. There are altogether seven periods. The first period consists of 2 elements. The subsequent periods consist of 8, 8, 18, 18 and 32 elements respectively. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations in their atoms are grouped in vertical columns. These are referred to as groups or families. According to the recommendation of IUPAC, groups are numbered 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of group 0,IA, IIA, ....VIIA, VIII, IB, ......VIIB
Elements in the same vertical group of the periodic table have generally the same

A

number of electron shells

B

electronic configuration

C

atomic mass

D

valence electrons

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### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Periodic Table Structure**: - The periodic table is organized into horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups. There are a total of 7 periods and 18 groups in the modern periodic table. 2. **Identifying Groups and Their Elements**: - Elements in the same vertical group share similar properties. For example, Group 1 contains Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K). 3. **Valence Electrons Concept**: - Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. They play a crucial role in determining how an element reacts chemically. 4. **Examining Group 1 Elements**: - Lithium (Li) has an atomic number of 3, with an electronic configuration of 2, 1 (2 electrons in the first shell and 1 in the second). - Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11, with an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 1. - Potassium (K) has an atomic number of 19, with an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 8, 1. - Notice that all these elements have 1 valence electron. 5. **Generalizing the Observation**: - This pattern holds true for all elements in the same group. For instance, Group 2 elements have 2 valence electrons, and Group 13 elements have 3 valence electrons. 6. **Conclusion**: - Therefore, elements in the same vertical group of the periodic table generally have the same number of valence electrons, which is a key similarity among them. ### Final Answer: Elements in the same vertical group of the periodic table generally have the same valence electrons. ---
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Numerous forms of the periodic table have been revised from time to time. A modern verion, which is most convenient and widely used is the long or extended from the periodic table. The aufbau principle (electrons are filled in the progressive order of their increasing energy i.e., by n + l rule) and the electronic configuration of atom provides a theoretical foundation for the periodic classification. The horizontal rows are called periods. There are altogether seven periods. The first period consists of 2 elements. The subsequent periods consist of 8, 8, 18 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh maximum of 32 elements. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations in their atoms are grouped in vertical columns. These are referred to as groups or famillies. According to the recommendation of IUPAC, the groups are numbered 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups 0, IA, IIA ..... VIIA, VIII, IB, ...... VII B. Each successive period in the periodic table is associated with the filling up of next higher principal energy level following aufbua sequence. The number of elements in each period is twice the number of atomic orbitals avaliable in the energy level that is being filled. All the elements are classified into four blocks, i.e., s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block depending on the type of atomic orbitals that are being filled with the last electron of the element. If aufbau rule is not followed, Ca-20 will be placed in........block.

Numerous forms of the periodic table have been revised from time to time. A modern verion, which is most convenient and widely used is the long or extended from the periodic table. The aufbau principle (electrons are filled in the progressive order of their increasing energy i.e., by n + l rule) and the electronic configuration of atom provides a theoretical foundation for the periodic classification. The horizontal rows are called periods. There are altogether seven periods. The first period consists of 2 elements. The subsequent periods consist of 8, 8, 18 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh maximum of 32 elements. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations in their atoms are grouped in vertical columns. These are referred to as groups or famillies. According to the recommendation of IUPAC, the groups are numbered 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups 0, IA, IIA ..... VIIA, VIII, IB, ...... VII B. Each successive period in the periodic table is associated with the filling up of next higher principal energy level following aufbua sequence. The number of elements in each period is twice the number of atomic orbitals avaliable in the energy level that is being filled. All the elements are classified into four blocks, i.e., s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block depending on the type of atomic orbitals that are being filled with the last electron of the element. Elements a,b,c,d and e have the following electronic configurations. (a) 1s^(2),2s^(2)2p^(1) (b) 1s^(2),2s^(2)2p^)(6),3s^(2)3p^(1) (c) 1s^(2),2s^(2)2p^(6),3s^(2)3p^(1) (d) 1s^(2),2s^(2)2p^(6),3s^(2)3p^(5) (e) 1s^(2), 2s^(2)2p^(6),3s^(2)3p^(5) Which among these will belong to the same group in periodic table?

Numerous forms of the periodic table have been revised from time to time. A modern verion, which is most convenient and widely used is the long or extended from the periodic table. The aufbau principle (electrons are filled in the progressive order of their increasing energy i.e., by n + l rule) and the electronic configuration of atom provides a theoretical foundation for the periodic classification. The horizontal rows are called periods. There are altogether seven periods. The first period consists of 2 elements. The subsequent periods consist of 8, 8, 18 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh maximum of 32 elements. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations in their atoms are grouped in vertical columns. These are referred to as groups or famillies. According to the recommendation of IUPAC, the groups are numbered 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups 0, IA, IIA ..... VIIA, VIII, IB, ...... VII B. Each successive period in the periodic table is associated with the filling up of next higher principal energy level following aufbua sequence. The number of elements in each period is twice the number of atomic orbitals avaliable in the energy level that is being filled. All the elements are classified into four blocks, i.e., s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block depending on the type of atomic orbitals that are being filled with the last electron of the element. In Mendeleev's periodic table, silver belongs to IB group. The group to which silver belongs in long form of periodic table is (Atomic number =47):

Numerous forms of the periodic table have been revised from time to time. A modern verion, which is most convenient and widely used is the long or extended from the periodic table. The aufbau principle (electrons are filled in the progressive order of their increasing energy i.e., by n + l rule) and the electronic configuration of atom provides a theoretical foundation for the periodic classification. The horizontal rows are called periods. There are altogether seven periods. The first period consists of 2 elements. The subsequent periods consist of 8, 8, 18 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh maximum of 32 elements. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations in their atoms are grouped in vertical columns. These are referred to as groups or famillies. According to the recommendation of IUPAC, the groups are numbered 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups 0, IA, IIA ..... VIIA, VIII, IB, ...... VII B. Each successive period in the periodic table is associated with the filling up of next higher principal energy level following aufbua sequence. The number of elements in each period is twice the number of atomic orbitals avaliable in the energy level that is being filled. All the elements are classified into four blocks, i.e., s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block depending on the type of atomic orbitals that are being filled with the last electron of the element. What is the position of the element in the periodic table satisfying the electronic configuration (n1)d^(1)ns^(2) for n=4 ?

Numerous forms of the periodic table have been revised from time to time. A modern verion, which is most convenient and widely used is the long or extended from the periodic table. The aufbau principle (electrons are filled in the progressive order of their increasing energy i.e., by n + l rule) and the electronic configuration of atom provides a theoretical foundation for the periodic classification. The horizontal rows are called periods. There are altogether seven periods. The first period consists of 2 elements. The subsequent periods consist of 8, 8, 18 and 32 elements respectively. The seventh maximum of 32 elements. Elements having similar outer electronic configurations in their atoms are grouped in vertical columns. These are referred to as groups or famillies. According to the recommendation of IUPAC, the groups are numbered 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups 0, IA, IIA ..... VIIA, VIII, IB, ...... VII B. Each successive period in the periodic table is associated with the filling up of next higher principal energy level following aufbua sequence. The number of elements in each period is twice the number of atomic orbitals avaliable in the energy level that is being filled. All the elements are classified into four blocks, i.e., s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block depending on the type of atomic orbitals that are being filled with the last electron of the element. The element with atomic number 56 is likely to have the same outer shell configuration as the element with atomic number.