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Explain the formation of scum when hard ...

Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.

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Hard water contains hydrogencarbo-nates, chlorides and sulphates, of calcium and magnesium which react with soap to form scum. For example, calcium chloride reacts with soap to form scum.
Sodium stearate + Calcium chloride + Calcium stearate (soap) `rarr` Sodium chloride (scum)
Formation of scum hinders the formation of foam. Soap is thus unable to clean in hard water.
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