The weight Mg of an extended body is generally shown in a diagram to act through the centre of mass. Does it mean that the earth does not attract other particles?

The centre of mass of a system of particles does not depend upon

Mass of a particle depends on its speed . Does the attraction of the earth on the particle also depend on the paricle's speed ?

The weight of a body at the poles is greater than the weight at the equator. Is it the actual weight or the apparent weight we are talking about? Does your answer depend on whether only the earth's rotation is taken into account or the flattening of the earth at the poles is also taken into account?

A uniform rod of mass m and length l is struck at an end by a force F perpendicular to the rod for a short time interval t. Calculate a. the speed of the centre of mass ,b. the angular speed of the rod about centre of mass, c. the kinetic energy of the rod and d. the angular moment of the rod about the centre of mass after the force has stopped to act. Assume that t is so small that the rod does not apreciably change its direction while the force acts.