Describe different types of anthers in plants.

Explanation

Anther types:
(i) Monothecal One lobe with two microsporangia. They are kidney shaped in a cross section eg. Malvaceae.
on - Some other types: Haplostemonous: stamens are uniseriate and equal in number to the petals and opposite the sepals (antisepalous).
Obhaplosteinonous: stamens are uniseriate, number equal to petals and opposite the petals (antipetalous)
Diplostemonous: Stamens are biseriate, outer antisepalous, inner antipetalous e.g Murraya
.Polystemonous: Numerous stamens are normally many more than the number of petals.
(ii) Dithecal: jt js a typical type,having two lobes with four microsporangia.They are butterfly shaped in cross section, eg. solanaceae.
Anther attachment:
(i)Basifixed (Innate) Qase of anther is attached to the tip of filament, eg. Brassica, Datura.
(ii) Dorsifixed: Apex of filament is attached to the dorsal side of the anther, eg. Citrus, Hibiscus.
(iii)Versatile: Filament is attached to the anther at midpoint, eg. Grasses.
Adnate: Filament is continued from the base to the apex of anther, eg. Verbena, Ranunculus, Nelumbo.
Anther dehiscence: n refers to opening of anther to disperse pollen grains.
(i)Longitude: Anther dehisces along a suture parallel to long axis of each anther lobe. eg: datura, cotton
Transverse: Anther dehiscec at right angles to the long axis of anther lobe. e.g Malvaceae.
(iii)Poricidal: Anther dehisces through a porees at one of the cae.eg Ericaceae, salanum, potato, brinjal.
(iv)Valvular:Anther dehisces through a pore covered by a flap of tissue e.g Laurance. Cinnamomum.
Anther Dehiscing direction: It shows the position of anther opening relative to the anther of the flower
(i) Introrse: Anther dehisces towards the center of the flower, eg. Dianthus.
(ii) Extrorse: Anther dehisces towards periphery of the flower, eg. Argemone