What are the components of taxonomical tools

Explanation

Tools and taxonomical aids may be different for the study of plants and animals. Herbarium and ZOOanical garden may be used as tools for the study of plant taxonomy. In the case of animal studies, the classical tools are Museum, Taxonomical Keys and Zoological and Marine parks. The important components of the taxonomical tools are field visits, survey, identification, classification, preservation and documentation. Man tools are being used for taxonomical studies, amongst them some of the important tools are discussed below. The classical taxonomical tools Taxonomical Keys:Keys are based on comparative analysis of the similarities and dissimilarities of organisms. There are separate keys for different taxonomic categories. Museum: Biological museums have collection of preserved plants and animals for study and ready reference. Specimens of ZOOh extinct and living organisms can be studied. Zoological parks: These are places where wild animals are kept in protected environments under human care which enables us to study their food habits and behaviour Marine parks: Marine organisms are maintained in protected enviroments. Printed taxonomical tools consist of identification cards, description, field guides and manuals. Molecular taxonomical tools Technological advancement has helped to evolve molecular taxonomical tools from classical tools to molecular tools. The accuracy and authenticity is more significant in the molecular tools. The following methods are being used for taxonomical classification, Molecular techniques and approaches such as DNA barcoding (short genetic marker ir an organism.s DNA to identify it as belonging to a particular species), DNA hybridization (nicasures the degree of genetic similarity between pools of DNA sequences), DNA fingerprinting (to identify an individual from a sample of DNA by looking at unique patterns in their DNA), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) analysis (difference in homologous DNA sequences that can be detected by the presence of fragments of different lengths after digestion of the DNA samples), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) sequencing (to amputy as gene, or portion of gene,) are used as taxonomical tools. Automated species identification tools It consists of Cyber tools. eg. DAISY, ALIS, ABIS, SPIDA, Draw wing, etc.