Name the five basic factors involved is the process of organic evolution according to modern synthetic theory.

Explanation

(i) Gene mutation : This refers to the changes in the structure of the gene. The phenotypes of an organism will be altered due to gene mutation and produces variations in the off spring .
(ii) Chromosomal mutation : This refers to the changes in the structure of the chromosomes due to deletion,addition, duplication, inversion or translocation.
These changes in the structure of chromosomes brings about phenotypic variations in an organism, which in turn brings variation in their off springs.
(iii) Genetic recombination : This is a phenomenon due to crossing over of genes during meiosis . This brings about heritable genetic variation of an organism and its off spring.
(iv) Natural selection : This does not favour any genetic variation. When such variations occur,it favours some genetic changes, refectiong others (driving force of evolution).
(v) Reproductive isolation : This helps i n preventing inbreeding between related species.