Adaptations synchronous with which among these mechanisms have been evolved by the plants to avoid inbreeding depression?

Options

A. Xenogamy
B. Autogamy
C. Geitonogamy
D. Cleistogamy

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the adaptations that plants have evolved to avoid inbreeding depression, we need to analyze the given options related to pollination mechanisms.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Question**: The question asks which mechanism plants have adapted to avoid inbreeding depression. Inbreeding depression occurs when closely related individuals breed, leading to a decrease in fitness and vigor in the offspring.

2. **Identify the Options**: The options provided are:
- A) Xenogamy
- B) Autogamy
- C) Geitonogamy
- D) Chrysomy

3. **Define the Terms**:
- **Xenogamy**: This is a type of cross-pollination where pollen is transferred from one plant to another genetically different plant. This promotes genetic diversity.
- **Autogamy**: This is self-pollination where pollen from the same flower fertilizes its ovules, leading to offspring that are genetically similar to the parent.
- **Geitonogamy**: This is a form of self-pollination where pollen from one flower fertilizes the ovules of another flower on the same plant. It still results in limited genetic diversity.
- **Chrysomy**: This term is not commonly used in the context of pollination and may be a typographical error or misinterpretation.

4. **Analyze the Mechanisms**:
- Autogamy, Geitonogamy, and Chrysomy all involve self-pollination or limited cross-pollination, which can lead to inbreeding depression due to reduced genetic diversity.
- Xenogamy, on the other hand, involves cross-pollination between different plants, which helps maintain genetic diversity and thus avoids inbreeding depression.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the definitions and analysis, the mechanism that plants have evolved to avoid inbreeding depression is **A) Xenogamy**. This type of pollination promotes genetic variation and reduces the risks associated with inbreeding.

### Final Answer:
**A) Xenogamy**