Non-mitochondrial aerobic respiration occurs in

Options

A. Viruses
B. Bacteria
C. Cyanobacteria
D. 2 and 3

Answer

### Step-by-Step Text Solution:

1. **Understanding Aerobic Respiration**:
- Aerobic respiration is a process that requires oxygen to break down glucose and produce energy. It typically occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.

2. **Defining Non-Mitochondrial Aerobic Respiration**:
- Non-mitochondrial aerobic respiration refers to the process of respiration that occurs without the involvement of mitochondria. This is characteristic of prokaryotic organisms, which lack these organelles.

3. **Identifying Organisms**:
- The question asks where non-mitochondrial aerobic respiration occurs. The options provided are viruses, bacteria, cyanobacteria, or both bacteria and cyanobacteria.

4. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Viruses**: Viruses do not perform respiration as they are not living organisms; they rely on host cells for replication and do not have metabolic processes.
- **Bacteria**: Bacteria are prokaryotes that do not have mitochondria. They perform glycolysis in the cytoplasm, which is a part of aerobic respiration.
- **Cyanobacteria**: Cyanobacteria are also prokaryotic organisms that can perform photosynthesis and respiration. They also lack mitochondria and perform glycolysis in the cytoplasm.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Since both bacteria and cyanobacteria are prokaryotes and do not have mitochondria, they perform non-mitochondrial aerobic respiration. Therefore, the correct answer is that non-mitochondrial aerobic respiration occurs in both bacteria and cyanobacteria.

6. **Final Answer**:
- The correct option is "both 2 and 3," meaning both bacteria and cyanobacteria.