Energy formed at `F_(1)` particle is obtained from

Options

A. `H^(+)` accumulated in the outer space
B. `H^(+)` moving through the `F_(0)`
C. `H^(+)` moving out through different complexes
D. `H^(+)` formed due to oxidation of `NADH+H^(+)`

Answer

To determine where the energy formed at the F1 particle is obtained from, we need to understand the process of the electron transport system (ETS) in cellular respiration. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the solution:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the F1 Particle**: The F1 particle is part of ATP synthase, which is involved in the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. It is crucial to identify how energy is supplied to this particle.

2. **Electron Transport System (ETS)**: The ETS is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It plays a key role in transferring electrons derived from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen, creating a proton gradient.

3. **Proton Gradient**: As electrons move through the complexes of the ETS, protons (H+) are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. This creates a high concentration of protons outside the mitochondrial matrix.

4. **Chemiosmosis**: The energy stored in this proton gradient is utilized by ATP synthase (which includes the F1 particle) to synthesize ATP as protons flow back into the matrix through the F1 particle.

5. **Identifying the Source of Energy**: The energy that drives the synthesis of ATP at the F1 particle comes from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. When these molecules are oxidized, they release electrons that travel through the ETS, ultimately leading to the pumping of protons.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the energy formed at the F1 particle is obtained from the oxidation of NADH and the associated protons generated during this process.

### Final Answer:
The energy formed at the F1 particle is obtained from the oxidation of NADH and H+ ions.