Which of the following will cause a more effective mutation?

Options

A. One codon
B. One base deletion
C. Base substitution
D. Base deamination

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Mutation**:
- Mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence. It can occur due to various factors and can lead to different types of mutations.

2. **Identifying Mutagens**:
- A mutagen is any agent that causes a change in the DNA sequence, leading to mutations.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **One Codon**: This refers to a change affecting three nucleotides. While it can cause a mutation, it is not the most effective form of mutation.
- **One Base Deletion**: This is a type of mutation where a single nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence. This can lead to a frameshift mutation, potentially altering the entire downstream amino acid sequence.
- **Base Substitution**: This involves swapping one nucleotide for another. It is a simpler mutation and may or may not affect the protein produced, depending on whether it is a silent, missense, or nonsense mutation.
- **Base Deamination**: This is a process where an amino group is removed from a DNA base, which can lead to mutations. However, it occurs spontaneously and may not always result in a significant mutation.

4. **Determining the Most Effective Mutation**:
- Among the options, the one base deletion is considered the most effective mutation because it causes a frameshift, altering the reading frame of the gene and potentially leading to a completely different and nonfunctional protein.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the answer to the question "Which of the following will cause a more effective mutation?" is **one base deletion**.

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