In biological reactions making or breaking of bonds in a chemical process are

Options

A. Catalysed by enzymes
B. Catalysed by inorganic catalysts
C. Temperature changes
D. All the above Properties & Nature of enzyme Action

Answer

To answer the question, "In biological reactions making or breaking of bonds in a chemical process are," we will analyze the options provided and understand the role of catalysts, specifically enzymes, in biological reactions.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Biological Reactions**:
- Biological reactions involve the making or breaking of chemical bonds. These reactions are essential for various biological processes, such as metabolism, DNA replication, and cellular respiration.

2. **Role of Catalysts**:
- Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. In biological systems, enzymes act as catalysts.

3. **Types of Catalysts**:
- There are two main types of catalysts:
- **Enzymatic Catalysts (Enzymes)**: These are protein molecules that significantly increase the rate of biochemical reactions. They work under specific conditions, such as optimal temperature and pH.
- **Inorganic Catalysts**: These are non-protein substances that can also promote reactions but do not necessarily speed them up as effectively as enzymes.

4. **Temperature Influence**:
- The temperature can affect the activity of enzymes. Most enzymes have an optimal temperature range (usually around 37-40 degrees Celsius for human enzymes). Higher temperatures can denature enzymes, reducing their effectiveness.

5. **Nature of Enzyme Action**:
- The nature of enzyme action includes specificity (enzymes are specific to substrates), the requirement of cofactors, and the influence of environmental conditions (like pH and temperature).

6. **Conclusion**:
- Given the options:
- Catalyzed by enzymes
- Catalyzed by inorganic catalysts
- Temperature changes
- Nature of enzyme action
- The correct answer is that all these factors are involved in biological reactions. Therefore, the answer is the fourth option: **"All of the above properties."**

### Final Answer:
The making or breaking of bonds in biological reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, influenced by inorganic catalysts, affected by temperature changes, and determined by the nature of enzyme action. Thus, the correct answer is **"All of the above properties."**

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