The output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor represent ,`[I_C =` Collector current ,`V_(CE ) ` = potential difference between collector and emitter `I_B ` = Base current `, V_( B B)` - voltage given to base and emitter ]

Options

A. change in `I_C ` as `I_B ` and ` V_(B B)` aare changed
B. changes in `I_C ` with changes in `V_( CE ) ` ( `I_B =` constant )
C. changes in `I_B ` with changes in `V_( CE )`
D. change in ` I_C ` as ` V_( BE ) ` is changed

Answer

To solve the question regarding the output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor, we will analyze the relationship between the collector current (I_C), the potential difference between the collector and emitter (V_CE), the base current (I_B), and the voltage given to the base and emitter (V_BB).

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Output Characteristics**:
The output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor are typically plotted with the collector current (I_C) on the y-axis and the collector-emitter voltage (V_CE) on the x-axis. The base current (I_B) is kept constant for different curves.

**Hint**: Remember that output characteristics are graphical representations of how the collector current varies with the collector-emitter voltage for different base currents.

2. **Identifying Parameters**:
The parameters involved are:
- I_C: Collector current
- V_CE: Collector-emitter voltage
- I_B: Base current (which is constant for a specific curve)
- V_BB: Voltage applied to the base-emitter junction

**Hint**: Make sure you understand what each parameter represents in the context of the transistor operation.

3. **Analyzing the Statements**:
The question provides several statements regarding the relationship between these parameters. We need to evaluate each statement to determine which one is correct based on the characteristics of the n-p-n transistor.

- **Statement 1**: I_C changes as I_B and V_BB are changed.
- This statement is incorrect because in the output characteristics, I_B is held constant while observing how I_C changes with varying V_CE.

- **Statement 2**: Changes in I_C occur with changes in V_CE while I_B is constant.
- This statement is correct. The collector current (I_C) increases with an increase in V_CE when I_B is constant, until saturation is reached.

- **Statement 3**: Changes in I_B affect V_CE.
- This statement is incorrect because in the output characteristics, I_B is constant, and we are observing the effect of V_CE on I_C.

- **Statement 4**: Changes in I_C occur as V_BE is changed.
- This statement is also incorrect in the context of output characteristics since we are focusing on I_C and V_CE with I_B constant.

**Hint**: Evaluate each statement carefully, considering the definitions and relationships of the parameters involved.

4. **Conclusion**:
Based on the analysis, the correct statement regarding the output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor is that changes in I_C occur with changes in V_CE while I_B is constant.

**Final Answer**: The correct option is the second statement: "Changes in I_C occur with changes in V_CE while I_B is constant."