Adaptations in organisms to cope with extreme environmental conditions include

Options

A. morphological adaptation
B. physiological adaptations
C. behavioural adaptations
D. all the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Adaptation**: Adaptation refers to the changes in organisms that enable them to survive and thrive in their specific environments. These adaptations can be morphological (structural), physiological (functional), or behavioral (actions).

2. **Identifying Extreme Environmental Conditions**: Extreme environmental conditions can include factors such as extreme temperatures (both hot and cold), drought, high salinity, and other harsh weather conditions. Organisms need specific adaptations to cope with these extremes.

3. **Types of Adaptations**:
- **Morphological Adaptations**: These are structural features of an organism that enhance its survival in extreme conditions. For example, cacti have thick stems to store water.
- **Physiological Adaptations**: These involve internal body processes that help organisms survive. An example is hibernation, where certain animals enter a dormant state during cold months to conserve energy.
- **Behavioral Adaptations**: These are actions taken by organisms to survive in their environment, such as migration in birds to avoid cold weather.

4. **Focusing on Physiological Adaptations**: In extreme conditions, physiological adaptations are often temporary. For instance, during hibernation, an animal's metabolic rate decreases significantly, allowing it to survive on stored energy until conditions improve.

5. **Conclusion**: The adaptations that organisms develop to cope with extreme environmental conditions primarily include physiological adaptations, as they enable temporary survival strategies during harsh conditions.

**Final Answer**: Adaptations in organisms to cope with extreme environmental conditions include physiological adaptations such as hibernation.

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