Define `sp^(2)` Hybridisation. Explain the structure of Ethylene `(C_(2)H_(4))`.

Explanation

A. Ethylene (`C_(2)H_(4)`): in the formation-of ethylene molecule, the two carbon atoms will undergo `sp^2` hybridisation in their excited states. As a result of which `sp^2` hybrid orbitals wiilform on each of them. All the six hybrid orbitals contain an electron, each. At first, one `sp^2` hybrid orbital of each-carbon atom overlap Head-Head forming one sigma bond in between them. Now, the remaining four `sp^2` hybrid orbitals overlap Head-Head with .is. orbitals of four .H. atoms forming four sigma bonds. Now, the unhybridised pure `2p_z` orbitals .of each carbon atom overlap side-wise formings `pi` bond-in between them. Thus a double bond is formed in between the two carbon atoms.

In.total there-are five sigrria bonds and one pi bond in ethylene molecule, The molecule as a whole is planar.