Humans have innate immunity for protection against pathogens that may enter the gut along with food. What are the two barriers that protect the body from such pathogens?

Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food. What are the preventive barriers to protect the body from such pathogens? What type of immunity do you observe in this case?

(a) If a patient is advised anti-retroviral drug, name the possible infection he/she is likely to be suffering from. Name the causative organism. (b) How do vaccines prevent subsequent microbial infection by the same pathogen? (c) How does a cancerous cell differ from a normal cell? (d) Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food. Name the physiological barrier that protects the body from such pathogens.

Plasma proteins which protect our body from pathogens are

What is innate immunity? Mention any two types of innate immunity barriers.

Antibody mediated immune system protects the body against

When a person puts food in his mouth, then teeth cut it into small pieces, shew and grind it. The glands A in the mouth secrete a substance B which is mixed with the food by tongue. The substance B contains an enzyme C which starts the digestion of food in the mouth. The slightly digested food from the mouth goes down a tube D. The special type of movements E in the walls of tube D push the food into stomach for further digestion. The stomach wall secretes gastric juice containing three substance F, G and H. One of the functions of F is to kill bacteria which may enters the stomach with food. The substance G protects the inside layer fo stomach from the damaging effect of substance F whereas substance H is an enzyme for digestion. The partially digested food then enters into small intestine for further digestion. (a) What is (i) gland A (ii) substance B, and (iii) enzyme C ? (b) Name the tube D. (c) What is the movement E known as ? (d) What are (i) F (ii) G, and (iii) D ?