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Radioactive nuclei that are injected int...

Radioactive nuclei that are injected into a patient collect at certain sites within its body, undergoing radioactive decay and emiting electromagnetic radiation can then be recorded by a detector. This procedure provides an important diagnostic tool called

A

Gamma camera

B

CAT scan

C

Radiotracer technique

D

Gamma ray spectroscopy

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The correct Answer is:
C
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Which of the following is correct regarding radioactive process ? (i) Despite the strength of the forces that hold them togther, many nucleides are unstable and spontaneously alter temselves through radioactive decay sometime through radioactive decay somtimes through a series of such decays, untiall thry reach stable comfigurations (ii) When a nucleus undergoes alpha or beta decay, its atomic number Z chnges and it becomes the nucleus of a different element The energy liberated during radioactive decay comes form within individual nuclei without external exciatation, unlike the case of atomic radiation (iv) Radioactive decay is a statistical process that obeys the laws of chance. no cause effect relationship is involved in the decay of a particular nucleus, only a certain probaility per unit time

Many unstable nuclie can decay spontaneously to a nucleus of lower mass but differnet combination of nucleons. The process of spontaneous emission of radiation is called radioactivity substance. Radioactive decay is a statistical process. Radiaactivity is independent of all external conditions. The number of decays per unit time or decay rate is called activity. Activity exponentially decrease with time. Mean lifetime is always greater than half-life time. n number of alpha -particels per second are being emitted by B atoms of a radioactive element. The half-life of element will be

The properties of x -rays as put forwarded by Rontgen in his pioneering paper on the topic are as follos: X -rays posses a very strong pentrative power it can penetrate wood upto 3cm and and aluminium foil upto 15mm . If the hand if the hand is held between the discharge tube and the screen the dark shadow of the of the bones os visible within the slightly dark shadow of the hand" photographc plates and film "show themselves susceptible to x - rays " Hence , photography provided a valuable method of studying the effect of x -rays x rays neither reflected nor reflected refracted (so far as Rontgen could discover ). Hence , " X - rays as cannot be concerted by lenses" X - rays discharge electrified bodies , whether the electrification is positive or negative . X -rays are generated when the cathode rays of the discharge tube strike any solid body .A heavier element , such as plantium , however is much more efficient as a generator of X - rays than a lighter element , such as aluminium . Most of Rontgen 's observation stood the test of time, though some of them needed to be modified later. ,brgt Now today we know if electron are accelerated through a potential difference V , then maximum energy of emitted photon could be E_(max)=eV, (hc)/(lambda_(min))=(hc)/(eV) lambda_(min) is also called cut off wavelength . since electron may loose very small energy in a given collision, the upper value of lambd eill approach infinity . when X -rays is produced in X -ray tube , two types of X -rays spectra and line are observed: continous spectra and line spectra. A continous spectra is produced by bremsstrahlung, the electromagnetic radiation produced when free electron are accelerated during collision with ions. A line spectrum result when an electra having sufficient energy collides with a heavy atom, and an electr in an inner energy level is ejected from the atom . An electra from an outer energy level then fills the vacant inner energy level, resulting in emission of an X -ray photon. The electron knocks out an inner shell electron of the atom with which it collides . Let us take an hypothetical case of a target atom whose K- shell electron has been knocked out as shown. this will create a vacancy in K-shell . sensing this vacancy an electron from a higher energy state may make a trasition to thsi vacant state. when such a transition take placce the differece of energy is converted into photon of electromagnetic radiation, which is called charactertistic X -rays . Now depending upon the shell from which an electron make a trasition to K -shell we may have different lines in the K series of X rays e.g. if electron from L shell jumps to K shell we have K_(alpha), if electron from M shell jumps to K shell we have K_(beta) X -rays and so . on . Monseley conducted many experiment on characteristic X -rays , the finding of whcih played an inportant role in . developing the concept opf atomic number . Moseley's observation can be expressed as sqrtv=a(Z-b) where a and b are constants. Z is the atomic number of target atom n is the frequency . X -rays of high penetratrating power are called hard X -ray. Hard X -rays have energy of the order of 10^(5)eV . the minimum potential differece through ehich the electron should be accelerated in an X -ray tube to obtain X -ray of energy 10^(5)eV is:

ERRORLESS-ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-NCERT BASED QUESTIONS (Radioactivity)
  1. The rate of disintegration of a radioactive sample can be increased by...

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  2. Radioactive nuclei that are injected into a patient collect at certain...

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  3. The phenomenon of radioactivity

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  4. Consider two nuclei of the same radioactive nuclide. One of the nuclei...

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  5. The half-life period of radium is 1600 years. The fraction of a sample...

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  6. The radioactivity of a certain radioactive element drops to 1//64 of i...

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  7. The ratio of half-life times of two elements A and B is (T(A))/(T(B))....

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  8. The life-life of Bi^210 is 5 days. What time is taken by (7//8)^th par...

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  9. A radio-isotope has a half-life of 5 yeard. The fraction of the atoms...

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  10. The half-life of pononium is 140 days. After how many days. 16 gm polo...

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  11. Radon (Ra) decays into Polonium (P0) by emitting an alpha-particle wit...

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  12. Half-lives of two radioactive substances A and B are respectively 20 m...

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  13. The half life of a radioactive substance is 20 minutes . The approxima...

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  14. If half-life of a substance is 3.8 days and its quantity is 10.38 gm. ...

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  15. A radioactive material has an initial amount 16 gm After 120 days it r...

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  16. Two radioactive substance A and B have decay constants 5 lambda and la...

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  17. A sample of radioactive element has a mass of 10 g at an instant t=0. ...

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  18. A radioactive sample has 6.0 xx 10^18 active nuclei at a certain insta...

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  19. Two samples X and Y contain equal amounts of radioactive substances. I...

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  20. A set of atom in an excited state decays

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