In ethane, ethene and ethyne molecules, carbon atoms are present in hybrid states of

Options

A. `sp^(3) - sp^(2) , sp^(2) - sp^(2) , sp^(2) - sp`
B. `sp^(3) - sp , sp^(3) - sp^(2) , sp^(3) - sp`
C. `sp^(3) - sp^(3) , sp^(2) - sp^(2) , sp - sp`
D. `sp^(2)- sp^(3) , sp^(2)- sp , sp^(2) - sp^(3)`

Explanation

To determine the hybridization state of carbon atoms in ethane, ethene, and ethyne, we will analyze each molecule step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze Ethane (C2H6)
- **Structure**: Ethane consists of two carbon atoms (C) and six hydrogen atoms (H).
- **Bonding**: Each carbon atom forms four single bonds (sigma bonds) with hydrogen atoms.
- **Steric Number Calculation**:
- Each carbon has 4 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.
- Steric number = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs = 4 + 0 = 4.
- **Hybridization**:
- Since the steric number is 4, the hybridization is sp³ (one s orbital and three p orbitals mix to form four equivalent sp³ hybrid orbitals).

### Step 2: Analyze Ethene (C2H4)
- **Structure**: Ethene consists of two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms.
- **Bonding**: Each carbon atom forms three sigma bonds (two with hydrogen and one with the other carbon) and has one pi bond (from the double bond between the two carbon atoms).
- **Steric Number Calculation**:
- Each carbon has 3 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.
- Steric number = 3 + 0 = 3.
- **Hybridization**:
- Since the steric number is 3, the hybridization is sp² (one s orbital and two p orbitals mix to form three equivalent sp² hybrid orbitals).

### Step 3: Analyze Ethyne (C2H2)
- **Structure**: Ethyne consists of two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms.
- **Bonding**: Each carbon atom forms two sigma bonds (one with hydrogen and one with the other carbon) and two pi bonds (from the triple bond between the two carbon atoms).
- **Steric Number Calculation**:
- Each carbon has 2 sigma bonds and no lone pairs.
- Steric number = 2 + 0 = 2.
- **Hybridization**:
- Since the steric number is 2, the hybridization is sp (one s orbital and one p orbital mix to form two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals).

### Summary of Hybridization States
- **Ethane (C2H6)**: sp³ hybridization
- **Ethene (C2H4)**: sp² hybridization
- **Ethyne (C2H2)**: sp hybridization