Which among the following statements are true with respect to electronic displacement in a covalent bond?
(1) Inductive effect operates through a `pi` - bond
(2) Resonance effect operates through a `sigma`-bond
(3) Inductive effect operates through a `sigma` -bond
(4) Resonance effect operates through a `pi-`bond
(5) Resonance and inductive effects operate through `sigma`-bond

Options

A. 3 and 4
B. 1 and 2
C. 2 and 4
D. 1 and 3

Answer

A

Explanation

The inductive effect is transmitted through `sigma` bond and weakens as the distance between the substituents and the reactive centre increases. But in resonance `pi` electrons shifting takes place consecutively giving permanent polarity on the chain.