The by-product of Solvay ammonia process is

Options

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Ammonia
C. Calcium chloride
D. Calcium carbonate

Answer

To solve the question regarding the by-product of the Solvay ammonia process, we can break it down into a few clear steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Solvay Process
The Solvay process is a method for producing sodium carbonate (soda ash) from sodium chloride (table salt), ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

### Step 2: Write the Chemical Reaction
The main reaction in the Solvay process can be represented as:
\[ \text{NaCl} + \text{NH}_3 + \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{NaHCO}_3 + \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \]
Here, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is formed along with ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl).

### Step 3: Identify the By-product
In this process, the by-product is the ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl). However, ammonium chloride is not the final by-product since it can further react.

### Step 4: Further Reaction of the By-product
Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) can react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) to produce calcium chloride (CaCl₂), water (H₂O), and ammonia (NH₃):
\[ \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} + \text{Ca(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{NH}_3 \]

### Step 5: Determine the Final By-product
From the above reaction, we see that calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is produced as a by-product when ammonium chloride reacts with calcium hydroxide.

### Conclusion
Thus, the by-product of the Solvay ammonia process is **calcium chloride (CaCl₂)**.