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Electromeric effect:...

Electromeric effect:

A

Comes into play at the demand of attacking reagent

B

Involves displacement of electrons in a sigma bond

C

Comes into play in the molecule when at least one atom has unshared pair of electrons

D

Invovles the distortion of the electron cloud.

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The correct Answer is:
A
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Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids? (a) Cl_(3)"CC"OOH gt Cl_(2)CHCOOH gt ClCH_(2)COOH (b) CH_(3)CH_(2)COOHgt(CH_(3))_(2)CHCOOHgt(CH_(3))_(3)C.COOH

The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either in the ground state under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. As a result of these electron displacements, centres of different electron densities are created and these centres are susceptible to attack by the reagents. These electron displacements occur through inductive electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effect involves displacement of sigam -electrons towards the substituent, resonance effect involves delocalization of pi- electrons transmitted through the chain and both are permanent effect. Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of a shared pair of pi - electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond on the demand of an attacking reagent. Hyperconjugation effects on the other hand involve delocalization of sigma -electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system (i.e., sigma-pi -conjugation). Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order : 3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@) . The stability or carbanions, however, follows the reverse order. An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of a covalent bond may occur either homolytic leading to the formation of free radicals or heterolytic forming positively (carbocations) or negatively (carbanions) charged species. Most of the attacking reagents carry either a positive or a negative charge. The positively charged species with electron deficient centre or neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrene) are collectively called electrophiles, while negatively charged species with electron rich centre or neutral species (like water, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) are called nucleophiles. Which of the following groups has highest inductive effect?

The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either in the ground state under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. As a result of these electron displacements, centres of different electron densities are created and these centres are susceptible to attack by the reagents. These electron displacements occur through inductive electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effect involves displacement of sigam -electrons towards the substituent, resonance effect involves delocalization of pi- electrons transmitted through the chain and both are permanent effect. Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of a shared pair of pi - electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond on the demand of an attacking reagent. Hyperconjugation effects on the other hand involve delocalization of sigma -electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system (i.e., sigma-pi -conjugation). Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order : 3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@) . The stability or carbanions, however, follows the reverse order. An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of a covalent bond may occur either homolytic leading to the formation of free radicals or heterolytic forming positively (carbocations) or negatively (carbanions) charged species. Most of the attacking reagents carry either a positive or a negative charge. The positively charged species with electron deficient centre or neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrene) are collectively called electrophiles, while negatively charged species with electron rich centre or neutral species (like water, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) are called nucleophiles. The decreasing order of basic strength in underset("(I)")(C_(6)H_(5)NH_(2))," "underset("(II)")((C_(6)H_(5))_(2)NH)," "underset("(III)")(CH_(3)NH_(2))," "underset("(IV)")(NH_(3)) is:

The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either in the ground state under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. As a result of these electron displacements, centres of different electron densities are created and these centres are susceptible to attack by the reagents. These electron displacements occur through inductive electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effect involves displacement of sigam -electrons towards the substituent, resonance effect involves delocalization of pi- electrons transmitted through the chain and both are permanent effect. Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of a shared pair of pi - electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond on the demand of an attacking reagent. Hyperconjugation effects on the other hand involve delocalization of sigma -electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system (i.e., sigma-pi -conjugation). Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order : 3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@) . The stability or carbanions, however, follows the reverse order. An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of a covalent bond may occur either homolytic leading to the formation of free radicals or heterolytic forming positively (carbocations) or negatively (carbanions) charged species. Most of the attacking reagents carry either a positive or a negative charge. The positively charged species with electron deficient centre or neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrene) are collectively called electrophiles, while negatively charged species with electron rich centre or neutral species (like water, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) are called nucleophiles. Out of the following series, the one containing only electrophiles is:

The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either in the ground state under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. As a result of these electron displacements, centres of different electron densities are created and these centres are susceptible to attack by the reagents. These electron displacements occur through inductive electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effect involves displacement of sigam -electrons towards the substituent, resonance effect involves delocalization of pi- electrons transmitted through the chain and both are permanent effect. Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of a shared pair of pi - electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond on the demand of an attacking reagent. Hyperconjugation effects on the other hand involve delocalization of sigma -electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system (i.e., sigma-pi -conjugation). Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order : 3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@) . The stability or carbanions, however, follows the reverse order. An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of a covalent bond may occur either homolytic leading to the formation of free radicals or heterolytic forming positively (carbocations) or negatively (carbanions) charged species. Most of the attacking reagents carry either a positive or a negative charge. The positively charged species with electron deficient centre or neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrene) are collectively called electrophiles, while negatively charged species with electron rich centre or neutral species (like water, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) are called nucleophiles. Consider the following alkenes and what is correct decreasing order of stability? {:(underset("(I)")underset("But-1-ene")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH=CH_(2))", "underset("(II)")underset("2,3-Dimethylbut-2-ene")((CH_(3))_(2)C=(CH_(3))_(2))","),(underset("(III)")underset("2-Methylbut-2-ene")((CH_(3))_(2)C=CHCH_(3))", "underset("(IV)")underset("2-Methylpropene")((CH_(3))_(2)C=CH_(3))):}

The electronic displacements in covalent bonds may occur either in the ground state under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. As a result of these electron displacements, centres of different electron densities are created and these centres are susceptible to attack by the reagents. These electron displacements occur through inductive electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Whereas inductive effect involves displacement of sigma -electrons towards the substituent, resonance effect involves delocalization of pi- electrons transmitted through the chain and both are permanent effect. Electromeric effect is the complete transfer of a shared pair of pi - electrons to one of the atoms joined by a multiple bond on the demand of an attacking reagent. Hyperconjugation effects on the other hand involve delocalization of sigma -electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system (i.e., sigma-pi -conjugation). Both inductive and hyperconjugation effects can be used to explain the stability of carbocations and free radicals which follow the stability order : 3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@) . The stability or carbanions, however, follows the reverse order. An organic reaction occurs through making and breaking of bonds. The breaking of a covalent bond may occur either homolytic leading to the formation of free radicals or heterolytic forming positively (carbocations) or negatively (carbanions) charged species. Most of the attacking reagents carry either a positive or a negative charge. The positively charged species with electron deficient centre or neutral species (free radicals, carbenes, nitrene) are collectively called electrophiles, while negatively charged species with electron rich centre or neutral species (like water, alcohol, ammonia, etc.) are called nucleophiles. Which of the following is most stable cation?

Which of the following is a permanent electron displacement effect? Inductometric Electromeric Inductive All of the mentioned

AAKASH INSTITUTE-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLE AND TECHNIQUES-ASSIGNMENT SECTION-A COMPETITION LEVEL QUESTIONS
  1. Diethyl ether and methyl n propyl ether are

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  2. +I effect is shown by:

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  3. Electromeric effect:

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  4. The reaction intermediate produce by homolytic cleavage of bond is cal...

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  5. Ammonia is iso-structural with:

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  6. A mixture of camphor and benzoic acid can be separated by

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  7. In Kjeldahl's method, nitrogen present is estimated as :

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  8. In sodium fusion test of organic compounds, the nitrogen of an organic...

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  9. In Dumas' method, the gas (or vapor) which is collected in the nitrome...

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  10. 0.2 g of an organic compound on comptete combustion produces 0.18 g of...

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  11. In a Lassaigne's test for sulphur in the organic compound with sodium ...

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  12. Lassaigne's test for the detection of nitrogen will fail in case of :

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  13. The Lassaigne's extract is boiled with dil. HNO(3) before testing for ...

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  14. The purity of an organic compound is determined by

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  15. 0.32 g of an organic compound gave 0.233 g of BaSO(4). Determine the p...

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  16. Hyperconjugation is most useful for stabilizing which of the following...

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  17. Resonance in a molecule results in

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  18. Hyperconjugation involves overlap of which of the following orbitals?

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  19. How many bonds are there in

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  20. this hydrocarbon has hybridization

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