Which of the following reagent converts nitrobenzene to aniline?

Options

A. Sn/HCl
B. `Zn//NH_(4)OH`
C. Zn/NaOH
D. `LiAlH_(4)`

Answer

To convert nitrobenzene to aniline, we need to perform a reduction reaction. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Reaction**: We need to reduce nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) to aniline (C6H5NH2). This involves the conversion of the nitro group (-NO2) to an amino group (-NH2).

2. **Choose a Reducing Agent**: A strong reducing agent is required for this transformation. Common reducing agents include:
- Sn/HCl (tin and hydrochloric acid)
- Fe/HCl (iron and hydrochloric acid)
- Other alternatives like catalytic hydrogenation can also be used.

3. **Preferred Reducing Agent**: While Sn/HCl can be used, Fe/HCl is often preferred because it produces FeCl2, which can further hydrolyze to provide HCl, thus maintaining the acidic environment necessary for the reaction.

4. **Reaction Mechanism**: The reduction process involves the addition of hydrogen to the nitro group, converting it to an amine. The reaction can be summarized as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_2 + 3\text{H} \xrightarrow{\text{Fe/HCl}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \]

5. **Final Product**: The final product of this reduction is aniline (C6H5NH2).

### Conclusion:
The reagent that converts nitrobenzene to aniline is **Fe/HCl** (iron in hydrochloric acid).

---