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[A] : Lichens are composite organisms . ...

[A] : Lichens are composite organisms .
[R] : The fungal component in Basidiolichens belong to Basidiomycetes and algal component of association is either a green alga or myxophycean member .

A

If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B

If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C

If A is true and R is false

D

If both A and R are false

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Lichens are symbiotic associations of an algal and fungal component . Respectively, they are termed as

In lichens, the algal component is known as (A)____ and the fungal component as (B)_____

Make corrections wherever you find mistake in spellings/words in the following paragraph/sentences. (A) Protozoans are generally multinucleate, but all ciliates and many amoeboid types are uninucleate. (B) Contractile vacuoles are found in almost all terrestrial protozoans for maitenance of carbon concentration of cell body, the phenomenon is known as osmoregulation. Contractile vacuole also helps in reproduction. (C) The protozoan cell body is either naked or surrounded by a rigid pellicle. Cellulose is present in pellicle. Some protozoans secrete shells of various organic compounds as external covers. (D) Ascomycetes are coenocytic as well as multicellular fungi. In the later, mycelium is asceptate. The asexual spores are formed in chains are called zoospores. The spores are formed endogenously, i.e., inside sporangium. (E) Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus is oogamous and the mode of sexual fusion is gametangial contact type. (F) A lichen is structurally organised entity consisting of the permanent association of a fungus and an alga. The fungal component of a lichen is called phycobiont and the algal component is called mycobiont. Both mycobiont and phycobiont are associated in parasitic union in which the fungus is more predominant and alga is subordinate partner.

What are the physiological relationships between the algal and fungal components of lichen.

Read the following statements carefully and identify correct statements w.r.t. Lichens a. The association cannot tolerate air pollution, especially due to sulphur dioxide b. Lichens are annuals and their growth is slow c. The fungal partner mostly belongs to ascomycetes. d. Soredia are most efficient means of asexual reproduction e. Orchids seldom occur without this association f. Foliose lichens are pioneers of succession in a water body.

A : Phycobiont is dominant parent in lichens. R : Algal component in the dual organisms can be eukaryotic only.

Read the given statements about lichens and select the incorrect ones. (i) They represent an example of commensallism. (ii) Algal partner obtains water and mineral salts from the fungus and the fungal partner obtains food prepared by the aiga. (iii) These do not grow in polluted areas. (iv) The mycobiont is usually an Ascomycetes or a Basididiomycetes. (v) The phycobiont is mostly a green alga or a cyanobacterium. (vi) These constitute the pioneer community in case of hydrosere.

A : Azotodesmic lichens are biofertilisers enriching nitrogen contents in soil. R : This ability is due to the presence of heterocystous blue-green algae as phycobiont component.

Lichen is usually cited as an example of symbiosis in plants where an algal and fungal species live together for their mutual benefit. Which of the following will happen if algal and fungal partners are separated from one another ? (a) Both will survive and grow normally and independent of each other. (b) Both will die. (c) Algal component will survive while fungal component will die. (d) fungal component will survive while agal component will die. Based on your answer how do you justify this association as symbiosis ?

TRUEMAN BIOLOGY-Fungi -ASSERTION AND REASON
  1. [A] : The obligate parasites can live only on dead hosts . [R] : The...

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  2. [A] : Disease reduce the vitality of plants , inhibit their developmen...

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  3. [A] : Lichens are composite organisms . [R] : The fungal component i...

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  4. [A] : Candida is a false yeast . [R] : It lacks ascus formation .

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  5. [A] : Heterotrophs may be free living or symbiotic . [R] : They from...

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  6. [A] : Rusts and smuts are club fungi that parasitize cereal crops . ...

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  7. Assertion : The fungi are widespread in distribution and they even liv...

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  8. [A] : Symbiosis is also furnished by mycorrhiza . [R] : In Mycorrhiz...

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  9. [A] : Phytoalexins are formed as a result of fusion between auxins and...

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  10. [A] : Zygospore fungi produce spores within sporangia . [R] : During...

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  11. [A] : Club fungi reproduce sexually . [R] : In club fungi , dikaryot...

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  12. [A] : The sterile portion of sporangium in Mucor is called columella ....

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  13. [A] : Fungi are thallophyta . [R] : Cell wall of fungi is made up of...

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  14. [A] : Fungi are either saprobes or parasitic . [R] : Fungi posses ha...

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  15. [A] : Rhizopus contains two types of hyphae . [R] : The unbranched h...

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  16. [A] : Puccinia graminis is autoecious . [R] : It complete its life c...

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  17. [A] : Schizosaccharomyces is also called the fission yeast . [R] : S...

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  18. [A] : Ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are septate fungi . [R] : The h...

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  19. [A] : Myxomycetes are not true fungi . [R] : Myxomycetes possess cha...

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  20. [A] : Aflatoxins are produced by fungus . [R] : Aflatoxins are carc...

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