Which of the following carbocation is most stable?

Options

A. `(CH_3)_3Coverset(o+)CH_2`
B. `(CH_3)_3overset(o+)C`
C. `CH_3CH_2overset(o+)CH_2`
D. `CH_3overset(o+)CHCH_2CH_3`

Explanation

To determine which of the given carbocations is the most stable, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution

1. **Understand Carbocation Stability**:
The stability of carbocations generally follows this order: Tertiary (3°) > Secondary (2°) > Primary (1°) > Methyl. This means that tertiary carbocations are the most stable due to the greater number of alkyl groups that can donate electron density to the positively charged carbon.

2. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Option 1**: This carbocation has one carbon attached to the positively charged carbon (a primary carbocation). Its stability is low.
- **Option 2**: This carbocation has three methyl groups attached to the positively charged carbon (a tertiary carbocation). Its stability is high.
- **Option 3**: This carbocation has one carbon attached to the positively charged carbon (a primary carbocation). Its stability is low.
- **Option 4**: This carbocation has two carbons attached to the positively charged carbon (a secondary carbocation). Its stability is moderate.

3. **Consider Hyperconjugation**:
Hyperconjugation is the phenomenon where alkyl groups can donate electron density to the positively charged carbon, stabilizing the carbocation. The more alkyl groups attached, the more hyperconjugation structures can be formed.
- **Option 1**: 1 hyperconjugation structure (primary).
- **Option 2**: 10 hyperconjugation structures (tertiary).
- **Option 3**: 3 hyperconjugation structures (primary).
- **Option 4**: 6 hyperconjugation structures (secondary).

4. **Determine the Most Stable Carbocation**:
Based on the analysis, Option 2 (the tertiary carbocation) has the highest stability due to the presence of three alkyl groups and the maximum number of hyperconjugation structures (10).

### Conclusion
The most stable carbocation among the given options is **Option 2**.

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