State rules for the IUPAC nomenclature of carbon compounds. Give one example.

Explanation

Rules for naming carbon compounds are as follows :
i. Select the longest chain of carbon atoms containing the functional group.
ii. Name the carbon chain based on the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain. The alkane with the same number of carbon atoms in the parent alkane of the compound.
iii. Indicate the functional group (if present) in the name of the compound with either a prefix or a suffix.

iv. If a suffix is to be added, then replace the final 'e' in the name of the carbon chain with the suffix.
v. If the carbon chain is unsaturated, then replace the final 'ane' in the name of the carbon chain with 'ene' for alkenes or 'yne' for all alkynes.
vi. Assign number '1' to carbon atom in `-CHO` or `-COOH` functional group. Otherwise, the carbon chain can be numbered in both the direction such that the numbering gives the smallest number to the carbon carrying the functional group.
vii. Indicate the position of the functional group or side branch on the carbon chain by the numerical prefix.
E.g.
`H-overset(H)overset(|3)underset(H)underset(|)-overset(H)overset(|2)underset(OH)underset(|)C-overset(H)overset(|1)underset(H)underset(|)C-H`
Name of carbon chain : Propane
Prefix/Suffix : Suffix `rArr` ol
Numerical prefix `rArr 2`
Name Propane `+2-ol rArr " Propane - 2-ol"`