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One type of artificial diamond (commonly...

One type of artificial diamond (commonly called YAG for yttrium aluminium garnet) can be represented by the formula `Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)`
`(a)` Calculate the weight percentage composition of this compound.
`(b)` What is the weight of yttrium present in a `200 -` carat `YAG` if `1` carat `-200mg` ? `(Y=89),Al=27)`

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Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
`(a) Y=44.95%,Al=22.73%,O=32.32%" "(b)17.98g`
`Y_(3)A_(5)O_(12)`
`200xx200xx10^(-3)`
`(a)y=44.95%, " "Al=22.73%," "O=32.32%`
`(b) 17.98 gm`
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One type of artifical diamond (commonly called YAG for yttrium aluminium garnet) can be represented by the formula Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12) [Y = 89, Al = 27] {:("Columnn I", "Column II"), ("(A) Y", "(P) 22.73%"), ("(B) Al", "(Q) 32.32%"), ("(C) O", "(R) 44.95%"):}

Nitric acid is the most important oxyacid formed y nitrogen .It is one of the major industial chemicl and is widely used. Nitric acid is manufactured by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia in what is known as OSTWALD PROCESS which can be represented by the sequenve of reactions shown below: 4NH_(3)(g) +5O_(2)(g) underset("Catalyst")overset(Pt//Rh)rarr 4NO(g)+6H_(2)O(g) " "...(i) 2NO(f) + O_(2)(g) overset(1120 K) rarr 2NO_(2)(g)" "...(ii) 3NO_(2)(g)+H_(2)O(l) rarr 2HNO_(3)(aq)+NO(g)" "...(iii) The aqueous nitric acid obtained by this method can be concentrated by distillation to ~ 68.5 % by weight . Further concentrated to 98% acid can be achieved by dehyration with concentrated sulphuric acid. If 170 kg of NH_(3) is heated in excess of oxygen then the volume fo H_(2)O(l) produced in 1st reaction at STP si , (rho_(H_(2))O=1 gm//ml))

Equivalent Mass The eqivalent mass of a substance is defined as the number of parts by mass of it which combine with or displace 1.0078 parts by mass of hydrogen, 8 parts by mass of oxygen and 35.5 parts by mass of chlorine. The equivalent mass of a substance expressed in grams is called gram equivalent mass. The equivalent mass of a substance is not constant. It depends upon the reaction in which the substance is participating. A compound may have different equivalent mass in different chemical reactions and under different experimental conditions. (a) Equivalent mass of an acid It is the mass of an acid in grams which contains 1.0078 g of replaceable H^(+) ions or it is mass of acid which contains one mole of replaceable H^(+) ions. It may be calculated as : Equivalent mass of acid= ("Molecular mass of acid")/("Basicityof acid ") Basicity of acid = Number of replaceable hydrogen atoms present in one molecule of acid (b) Equivalent mass of a base It is the mass of the base which contains one mole of replaceable OH^(-) ions in molecules. Equivalent mass of base= ("Molecular mass of acid ")/("Acidity of acid") Acidity of base= Number of replaceable OH^(-) ions present in one molecule of the base Equivalent mass of an oxidising agent (a) Electron concept: Equivalent mass of oxidising agent = ("Molecular mass of oxidising agent")/("Number of electrons gained by one molecule") (b) Oxidation number concept: Equivalent mass of oxidising agent= ("Molecular mass of oxidising agent")/("Total change in oxidation number per molecule of oxidising agent") Equivalent weight of oxalic acid salt in following reaction is :( Atomic masses:O=16,C=12,K=39) H_(2)C_(2)O_(4)+Ca(OH)_(2) toCaC_(2)O_(4)+H_(2)O

Equivalent Mass The eqivalent mass of a substance is defined as the number of parts by mass of it which combine with or displace 1.0078 parts by mass of hydrogen, 8 parts by mass of oxygen and 35.5 parts by mass of chlorine. The equivalent mass of a substance expressed in grams is called gram equivalent mass. The equivalent mass of a substance is not constant. It depends upon the reaction in which the substance is participating. A compound may have different equivalent mass in different chemical reactions and under different experimental conditions. (a) Equivalent mass of an acid It is the mass of an acid in grams which contains 1.0078 g of replaceable H^(+) ions or it is mass of acid which contains one mole of replaceable H^(+) ions. It may be calculated as : Equivalent mass of acid= ("Molecular mass of acid")/("Basicityof acid ") Basicity of acid = Number of replaceable hydrogen atoms present in one molecule of acid (b) Equivalent mass of a base It is the mass of the base which contains one mole of replaceable OH^(-) ions in molecules. Equivalent mass of base= ("Molecular mass of acid ")/("Acidity of acid") Acidity of base= Number of replaceable OH^(-) ions present in one molecule of the base Equivalent mass of an oxidising agent (a) Electron concept: Equivalent mass of oxidising agent = ("Molecular mass of oxidising agent")/("Number of electrons gained by one molecule") (b) Oxidation number concept: Equivalent mass of oxidising agent= ("Molecular mass of oxidising agent")/("Total change in oxidation number per molecule of oxidising agent") When NO_(2) is dissolved in water solution become acidic. Equivalent weight of NO_(2) in this reaction (NO_(2)+H_(2)O to HNO_(3)+HNO_(2)) is :

Nitric acid is the most important oxyacid formed y nitrogen .It is one of the major industial chemicl and is widely used. Nitric acid is manufactured by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia in what is known as OSTWALD PROCESS which can be represented by the sequenve of reactions shown below: 4NH_(3)(g) +5O_(2)(g) underset("Catalyst")overset(Pt//Rh)rarr 4NO(g)+6H_(2)O(g) " "...(i) 2NO(f) + O_(2)(g) overset(1120 K) rarr 2NO_(2)(g)" "...(ii) 3NO_(2)(g)+H_(2)O(l) rarr 2HNO_(3)(aq)+NO(g)" "...(iii) The aqueous nitric acid obtained by this method can be concentrated by distillation to ~ 68.5 % by weight . Further concentrated to 98% acid can be achieved by dehyration with concentrated sulphuric acid. If 180 litre of water completely reacts with NO_(2) produced to form nitric acid according ot the above reactions then the volume of air at STP containing 20% of NH_(3) is :( rho_(H_(2)O)=1 gm//ml )

Nitric acid is the most important oxyacid formed y nitrogen .It is one of the major industial chemicl and is widely used. Nitric acid is manufactured by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia in what is known as OSTWALD PROCESS which can be represented by the sequenve of reactions shown below: 4NH_(3)(g) +5O_(2)(g) underset("Catalyst")overset(Pt//Rh)rarr 4NO(g)+6H_(2)O(g) " "...(i) 2NO(f) + O_(2)(g) overset(1120 K) rarr 2NO_(2)(g)" "...(ii) 3NO_(2)(g)+H_(2)O(l) rarr 2HNO_(3)(aq)+NO(g)" "...(iii) The aqueous nitric acid obtained by this method can be concentrated by distillation to ~ 68.5 % by weight . Further concentrated to 98% acid can be achieved by dehyration with concentrated sulphuric acid. 85 kg of NH_(3)(g) was heated with 320 kg oxygen in the first step and NHO_(3) is prepared according to the above reactions . If the above reactions . If the final solution has volume 500 L ,then molarity of HNO_(3) is : [Assume NO formed finally is not reused]

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