Explain the process of translation in protein synthesis.

Explanation

Translation is the second step durnig protein synthesis in which using genetic information on mRNA in nucleotide langauage , protein synthesis takes place on the ribosome in the amino acid lineage . mRNA carrying coded message for the syntheis of protein will be released into cytoplasm . with the help of this RNA translation occurs in four steps .
They are (1) Activation and selection of Amino acids (2) Chain initiation (3) Chain elongation (4) Chain termination.
1 Activation and selection of amino acids : In this step, amino acid combines with ATP in the presence of amino acid synthetase amd forms activated amino acid and this process is known as activation . The activated amino acid thus will be picked up by specific + RNA molecule and forms amino acid +RNA .
Amino acid + ATP
`to` Activated acid .
Activated amino acid + + RNA
`to`Amino acid +RNA
2 Chain initiation: During this process , intially mRNA attaches to smaller ribosomal subunit. Then+ RNA carrying methionine attaches to the initator codon (AUG ) of mRNA . Now larger ribsomal subunit attaches to mRNA , such that the +RNA with amino acid coin - cides ar P-Site. Soon after this , another to A- site peptide bond is formed, between the first
amino acid ocuupying A - site. Chain initiation needs ATP and proteins called initiation factors .
Chain elongation:Soon after chain initiation, ribosomal subnuits slide alond mRNA. This shifts the+ RNA occupying A -site auto matically to the P- site. Now to the emptied A- site ,+ RNA carrying third amino acid gets attached . With this peptide bond is established between second and third amino acid , This results in the growing of polypeptide chian reffered to as chain elongation . Chain elongation requires GTP,delongation factors and Mg+2 ions.