Write two main functions of carotenoid pigments.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Identify the Presence of Carotenoid Pigments**: Carotenoid pigments are found in various organisms, including plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. They are responsible for the yellow, red, and orange colors seen in many fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

2. **Function 1 - Light Absorption and Energy Transfer**: One of the primary functions of carotenoid pigments is to absorb light energy from the sun. They capture specific wavelengths of light that chlorophyll may not efficiently absorb. This absorbed light energy is then transferred to chlorophyll, which is crucial for the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll uses this energy to convert light into chemical energy.

3. **Function 2 - Protection Against Photo-Oxidation**: The second main function of carotenoid pigments is to protect chlorophyll from photo-oxidation. Under high light intensity, chlorophyll can become damaged due to excessive light energy. Carotenoids help to mitigate this damage by providing a protective mechanism, ensuring that chlorophyll remains functional and effective in the photosynthesis process.

...