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The chemistry of the actionoid elements ...

The chemistry of the actionoid elements is not so smooth as that of the lanthanoids. Justify this statements by giving some examples from the oxidation state of these elements.

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Lanthanoids show a limited number of oxidation state, viz., +2, +3 and +4 (out of which +3 is the most common). This is because of a large energy gap between 4f-, 5d- and 6s- subshells. The dominant oxidation state of actinoids is also +3 but they show a number of other oxidation states also, Uranium (Z = 92) and plutonium (Z = 94), show +3, +4, +5 and +6, neptunium (Z = 93) shows +3, +4, +5 and +7, etc. This is due to small energy difference between 5-, 6d- and 7s-subshells of the actinoids.
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