Name and describe any three causes of biodiversity losses.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

**1. Habitat Loss and Fragmentation:**
- Habitat loss refers to the destruction or alteration of the natural environment where organisms live, which can lead to a significant decrease in biodiversity. For instance, tropical rainforests, which once covered 14% of the Earth's surface, have now reduced to only 16% of that area. This loss of habitat affects numerous species, leading to a decline in their populations and potentially resulting in extinction.
- Fragmentation occurs when large habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches. This division can prevent species that require larger territories from surviving, as they are confined to smaller areas that may not support their needs. An example of habitat fragmentation can be seen in the Amazon rainforest.

**2. Overexploitation:**
- Overexploitation refers to the excessive use of natural resources, which can lead to their depletion. This can occur in various contexts, such as agriculture and fisheries. For example, if agricultural land is continuously used without allowing it to recover, it may lead to soil degradation and loss of fertility. Similarly, in marine environments, overfishing can occur when fish are caught before they reach maturity, significantly reducing their populations and risking extinction.
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