List four causes of biodiversity loss.

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Text Solution

1. **Habitat Loss and Fragmentation**:
- Habitat loss refers to the destruction or alteration of natural environments where organisms live. For example, tropical rainforests have drastically reduced from covering 14% of the Earth's surface to only 6%. This loss of habitat leads to the displacement of many species, resulting in a decline in biodiversity.
- Fragmentation occurs when large habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches. For instance, the Amazon rainforest has been fragmented for agricultural purposes, making it difficult for species that require larger territories to survive.

2. **Over-Exploitation**:
- Over-exploitation occurs when species are harvested at rates faster than they can reproduce. This can lead to population declines and even extinction. A notable example is the overhunting of cheetahs, which has significantly reduced their numbers and contributed to biodiversity loss.
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