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(a) Name the infective stage of Plasmodi...

(a) Name the infective stage of Plasmodium which Anopheles mosquite take in along with the blood meal from an infected human.
(b) Why does the infection cause fever in human ?
Give a flow chart of the part of the life-cycle of this parasite passed in the insect.

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### Step-by-Step Solution: **(a)** The infective stage of Plasmodium that Anopheles mosquito takes in along with the blood meal from an infected human is called **gametocytes**. - **Explanation**: When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected human, it ingests the gametocytes, which are the sexual form of the Plasmodium parasite. These gametocytes undergo fertilization and further development in the mosquito's gut. **(b)** The infection causes fever in humans primarily due to the release of a toxin known as **hemozoin**. ...
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(a) Name the infective stage of Plasmodium which Anopheles mosquite take in along with the blood meal from an infected humen. (b) Why does the infection cause fever in humen ? Give a flow chart of the part of the life-cycle of this parasite passed in the insect.

Study carefully the following stages of life cycle of malarial parasite i.e., Plasmodium. Arrange these stages in the correct sequence and select the correct answer. 1. Sporozoites leave the blood stream and enter the liver cells of man. 2. Sporozoites present in the salivary glands of female Anopheles mosquito are injected into the blood stream of man. 3. The parasite reproduces asexually in RBCs, resulting in bursting of RBCs and causing the cycles of fever, relased parasites infect new RBCs. 4. The parasite reproduces asexually in liver cells, ultimately causing the rupturing of cells. 5. Two types of gametocytes i.e., microgametocytes and macrogametocytes develop in the RBCs. 6. Female Anopheleles mosquito takes up the gametocytes with blood meal of an infected person. 7. Mature infective stage of the parasite i.e., sporozoites escape from intestine and migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands. 8. Fertilisation and developmental stages of the parasite take place in mosquito's stomach.

Give the scientific name of the parasite that causes malignant malaria in humans. At what stage does this parasite enter the human body? Trace its life cycle in human body.

(i) How and at what stage does Plasmodium enter into a human body ? (ii) With the help of a flow-chart only show the stages of asexual reproduction in the life-cycle of the parasite in the infected human. (iii) Why does the victim show symptoms of high fever ?

(a) Name the stage of plasmodium that gains entry into the human body. (b) Trace the stages of in the body of female anopheles after its entry. (c) Explain the cause of periodic recurrence of chill and high fever during malarial attack in humans.

(a) State what happens in the human body when malarial parasites infected RBCs burst to release the parasites in the blood. (b) Mention the specific sites in the host body where production of (i) sporozoites and (ii) gametocytes take place in the life cycle of the malarial parasites.

(i) Which organ of the human body is initially affected when bitten by an infected female Anopheles ? Name the stage of the parasite that infects this organ. (ii)Explain the events that are responsible for chill and high fever in the patient.

Trace the life-cycle of malarial parasite in the human body when bitten by an infected female Anopheles.

Refer to the given statements regarding malarial parasite and select the incorrect ones. I. Infective stage of Plasmodium in man is sporozite which reached the liver through blood. II. In the liver of man parasite reproduces sexually producing a large number of metacryptomerozoids in blood. III. When female Anopheles sucks blood the gametocytes are taken in and they become lodged in the salivary glands as ookinete. IV. The sexual stage, gametocytes of Plasmodium developes in RBCs of man.

(a) Name the group of viruses responsible for causing AIDS in humans. Why are these viruses so named? (b) List any two ways of transmission of HIV infection in humgns, other than sexual contact.

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