How the following pairs of compounds can be distinguished by simple chemical tests ?
(a) Phenol and benzoic acid
(b) Ethanal and propanal
(c) Pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one
(d) Propanal and propanone
(e) Acetophenone and benzophenone
(f) Benzoic acid and ethylbenzoate
(g) Acetophenone and benzaldehyde.

How do you distinguish the Pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one pairs of compound .

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. {:("(i) Propanal and Propanone"," (ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone"),("(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid"," (iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate"),("(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one"," (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone"),("(vii) Ethanal and Propanal",):}

Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid. {:("(i) Ethylbenzene","(ii) Acetophenone"),("(iii) Bromobenzene","(iv) Phenylethene (Styrene)"):}

1 Name the reagents used in the following reactions: (i) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid. (ii) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde. (iii) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol. (iv) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid. (v) Dehydration of propan-2-ol to propene. (vi) Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol.

Towards nucelphilic addition reactions, arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity. a) Butanone, propanone, propanal, ethanal b) Benzaldehyde , Acetophenone , p - tolual dehyde, p - Nitrobenzaldehyde.

Hydrogen bonding is said to be formed, -when sightly acidic hydrogen-atom attached to a strongly, electronegative fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen atom. is held with weak. electrostatic forces by the non-bonded pair of electrons of another atom. The co-ordination number of hydrogen in such cases is two. It acts as a bridge between two atoms, to one of which it is covalently bonded and to other attached through electrostatic forces, also called hydrogen bond. Though the hydrogen atoms in a methyl group are not polarised, if an electronegative group like chloro, carbonyl, nitro or cyano (in order to increase electronegativity) is attached to it, the C-H bond gets polarised due to the inductive effect and the hydrogen atom becomes slightly acidic resulting in the formation of weak hydrogen bonds. Though a weak bond the H-bond effects is large number of the physical properties of compounds some of which are - Boiling points of liquids - Solubility of polar compounds in polar solvents (containig H attached with strong electronegative atom) - Viscosity of liquids . Acidity Which of the following combinations can involve hydrogen bonding I) Mixture of KF and HF " " II) Mixture of CH_(3)COCH_(3) and CHCI_(3) III) Mixture of NH_(4) CI and H_(2)O" " IV) Mixture of CH_(3) and H_(2)O

Let us do the following activity to understand the mendelian principles of heredity. Materaials required: a. 3cm length and 1 cm breadth chart pieces -4 b. 2 cm length and 1 cm breadth chart pieces -4 c. Red byuttons -4 d. white buttons -4 e. chart, scale, sketch pen penil, 2 bags. Method: Prepare a chart with 2x2 boxes along with numbe and symbol as shown in the figure. Game 1: Monohybrid cross (starting with hybrid parents) To start with take 1,2 or 3,4 . In case you start 1,2 pik all the 16 log and short pieces and prepare such paris in each of which you have a long and short piece. Take 4 pairs each of long and short strips and put them in two separate bags. Now each bag contains 8 strips (4 long and 4short). One bag say 'A' represents mael and the bag 'B' represents female . Now rendomly pick one strip each from bag A and B and put them together in the 1 on the chart. Keep picking out the strips and arrange them in the same manner till your bags are empty. Same time your boxes in the chart are filled with paris of strips. you might have got the following combinations, two long strips, one long and one short strip, two short strips. (Q) B. What is the number of one long and one short pairs?

Let us do the following activity to understand the mendelian principles of heredity. Materaials required: a. 3cm length and 1 cm breadth chart pieces -4 b. 2 cm length and 1 cm breadth chart pieces -4 c. Red byuttons -4 d. white buttons -4 e. chart, scale, sketch pen penil, 2 bags. Method: Prepare a chart with 2x2 boxes along with numbe and symbol as shown in the figure. Game 1: Monohybrid cross (starting with hybrid parents) To start with take 1,2 or 3,4 . In case you start 1,2 pik all the 16 log and short pieces and prepare such paris in each of which you have a long and short piece. Take 4 pairs each of long and short strips and put them in two separate bags. Now each bag contains 8 strips (4 long and 4short). One bag say 'A' represents mael and the bag 'B' represents female . Now rendomly pick one strip each from bag A and B and put them together in the 1 on the chart. Keep picking out the strips and arrange them in the same manner till your bags are empty. Same time your boxes in the chart are filled with paris of strips. you might have got the following combinations, two long strips, one long and one short strip, two short strips. (Q) E. What can you coclude from this game?