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What is lanthanoid contraction? Mention ...

What is lanthanoid contraction? Mention the cause for it.

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The gradual decrease in atomic and ionic radii from Lanthanide to lutitium is called
Lanthanoid contraction.
i) It has noble gas configuration in `+4` oxidation state.
ii) Due to poor shielding by 5f electrons.
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The lanthanoid contraction refers to :

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