Find A, B and C in the following reactions :
`NH_3 + A + CO to (NH_4)_2 CO_3`
`(NH_4)_2 CO_3 + H_2 O + B to NH_4 HCO_3`
`NH_3 HCO_3 + NaCl to NH_4 Cl + C`

Options

A. `A - O_2 , B- CO_2 , C- Na_2 CO_3`
B. `A- H_2 O , B- O_2 , C - Na_2 CO_3`
C. `A- H_2 O , B- O_2 , C- NaHCO_3`
D. `A - H_2 O , B - CO_2 , C- NaHCO_3`

Answer

To solve the given reactions and identify the missing components A, B, and C, we will analyze each reaction step by step.

### Step 1: Analyzing the First Reaction
The first reaction is:
\[ \text{NH}_3 + A + \text{CO}_2 \rightarrow (\text{NH}_4)_2 \text{CO}_3 \]

In this reaction, ammonia (\( \text{NH}_3 \)) reacts with carbon dioxide (\( \text{CO}_2 \)) and a missing component \( A \) to form ammonium carbonate \((\text{NH}_4)_2 \text{CO}_3\).

**Hint for Step 1:** Consider what is typically needed to facilitate the reaction between ammonia and carbon dioxide to form ammonium carbonate.

### Step 2: Identifying Component A
In the Solvay process, water is required for the reaction to occur. Therefore, component \( A \) is:
\[ A = \text{H}_2\text{O} \]

### Step 3: Analyzing the Second Reaction
The second reaction is:
\[ (\text{NH}_4)_2 \text{CO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + B \rightarrow \text{NH}_4 \text{HCO}_3 \]

Here, ammonium carbonate reacts with water and a missing component \( B \) to form ammonium bicarbonate \(\text{NH}_4 \text{HCO}_3\).

**Hint for Step 3:** Think about what could be added to ammonium carbonate in the presence of water to yield ammonium bicarbonate.

### Step 4: Identifying Component B
The reaction indicates that \( B \) is likely carbon dioxide, which is produced when ammonium carbonate reacts with water. Thus, component \( B \) is:
\[ B = \text{CO}_2 \]

### Step 5: Analyzing the Third Reaction
The third reaction is:
\[ \text{NH}_4 \text{HCO}_3 + \text{NaCl} \rightarrow \text{NH}_4 \text{Cl} + C \]

In this reaction, ammonium bicarbonate reacts with sodium chloride to produce ammonium chloride and a missing component \( C \).

**Hint for Step 5:** Consider what byproduct might be formed when ammonium bicarbonate reacts with sodium chloride.

### Step 6: Identifying Component C
The reaction produces ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, component \( C \) is:
\[ C = \text{NaHCO}_3 \]

### Summary of Components
- \( A = \text{H}_2\text{O} \)
- \( B = \text{CO}_2 \)
- \( C = \text{NaHCO}_3 \)

### Final Answer
- \( A = \text{H}_2\text{O} \)
- \( B = \text{CO}_2 \)
- \( C = \text{NaHCO}_3 \)