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The peak electric field produced by the ...

The peak electric field produced by the radiation coming from the 80 W bulb at a distance of 10 m is `(x)/(10) sqrt((mu_(0)c )/(pi))(V)/(m)`. The efficiency of the bulb is 10% and it is a point source. The value of x is____________.

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To solve the problem, we need to find the peak electric field produced by the radiation from an 80 W bulb at a distance of 10 m, given that the bulb has an efficiency of 10%. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Calculate the Effective Power Output:** The bulb has a power rating of 80 W, but it operates at 10% efficiency. Therefore, the effective power output (P) that contributes to the light is: \[ P = 80 \, \text{W} \times 0.10 = 8 \, \text{W} \] 2. **Determine the Intensity of the Radiation:** The intensity (I) of the radiation at a distance (r) from a point source is given by the formula: \[ I = \frac{P}{A} \] where \( A \) is the surface area of a sphere with radius \( r \): \[ A = 4\pi r^2 \] Substituting \( r = 10 \, \text{m} \): \[ A = 4\pi (10)^2 = 400\pi \, \text{m}^2 \] Now, substituting the values into the intensity formula: \[ I = \frac{8 \, \text{W}}{400\pi} = \frac{1}{50\pi} \, \text{W/m}^2 \] 3. **Relate Intensity to Electric Field:** The intensity of an electromagnetic wave can also be expressed in terms of the peak electric field \( E_0 \): \[ I = \frac{1}{2} \epsilon_0 c E_0^2 \] where \( \epsilon_0 \) is the permittivity of free space and \( c \) is the speed of light. 4. **Express \( \epsilon_0 \) in terms of \( \mu_0 \):** We know that: \[ c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0 \epsilon_0}} \implies \epsilon_0 = \frac{1}{\mu_0 c^2} \] Substituting this into the intensity equation gives: \[ I = \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{\mu_0 c^2}\right) c E_0^2 = \frac{1}{2\mu_0 c} E_0^2 \] 5. **Equate the Two Expressions for Intensity:** Now we equate the two expressions for intensity: \[ \frac{1}{50\pi} = \frac{1}{2\mu_0 c} E_0^2 \] Rearranging gives: \[ E_0^2 = \frac{2}{\mu_0 c} \cdot \frac{1}{50\pi} \] 6. **Solve for \( E_0 \):** Taking the square root: \[ E_0 = \sqrt{\frac{2}{50\pi}} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mu_0 c}} = \frac{1}{5\sqrt{\pi}} \sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu_0 c}} \] 7. **Express in the Required Form:** The problem states that the peak electric field can be expressed as: \[ E_0 = \frac{x}{10} \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0 c}{\pi}} \, \text{V/m} \] To match this with our expression, we have: \[ \frac{1}{5\sqrt{\pi}} \sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu_0 c}} = \frac{x}{10} \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0 c}{\pi}} \] 8. **Finding \( x \):** By comparing both sides, we can find \( x \): \[ x = 2 \] ### Final Answer: The value of \( x \) is **2**.
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