n - type extrinsic semiconductors is negatively charged , while P - type extrinsic semiconductors is positively charged . Is this statement true or false?

Explanation

To determine whether the statement "n-type extrinsic semiconductors are negatively charged while p-type extrinsic semiconductors are positively charged" is true or false, we can analyze the properties of n-type and p-type semiconductors step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Semiconductors**:
- Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators. They can be intrinsic (pure) or extrinsic (doped with impurities).

2. **Doping Process**:
- Doping is the process of adding impurities to a semiconductor to change its electrical properties. There are two types of doping: n-type and p-type.

3. **N-Type Semiconductors**:
- In n-type semiconductors, a pentavalent impurity (such as phosphorus) is added to the semiconductor (like silicon).
- Pentavalent atoms have five valence electrons. When they bond with silicon, they form four bonds with silicon atoms, leaving one extra electron free.

4. **Charge of N-Type Semiconductors**:
- The presence of this extra electron means that n-type semiconductors have an abundance of free electrons, which are the majority charge carriers.
- However, the n-type semiconductor itself remains electrically neutral because the pentavalent atom (phosphorus) is also neutral overall. Thus, n-type semiconductors are not negatively charged.

5. **P-Type Semiconductors**:
- In p-type semiconductors, a trivalent impurity (such as aluminum) is added.
- Trivalent atoms have three valence electrons. When they bond with silicon, they create a "hole" (a lack of an electron) because they can only form three bonds.

6. **Charge of P-Type Semiconductors**:
- The holes created in p-type semiconductors act as positive charge carriers. However, similar to n-type, the p-type semiconductor remains electrically neutral overall.
- The presence of holes does not mean that the p-type semiconductor is positively charged.

7. **Conclusion**:
- Both n-type and p-type semiconductors are electrically neutral. They have an excess of free electrons (in n-type) or a deficit of electrons (in p-type), but neither is charged positively or negatively.
- Therefore, the statement that "n-type extrinsic semiconductors are negatively charged while p-type extrinsic semiconductors are positively charged" is **false**.

### Final Answer:
The statement is **false**.