Assertion: There is an everlasting competition between individuals having similar requirements.
Reason: Populations tend to multiply arithmetically while food and space increase geometrically.

Options

A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion
B. If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
C. If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Assertion**: The assertion states that there is an everlasting competition between individuals having similar requirements. This implies that when individuals of the same species or different species compete for the same limited resources (like food, water, and space), competition is inevitable.

2. **Understanding the Reason**: The reason provided states that populations tend to multiply arithmetically while food and space increase geometrically. This statement needs to be analyzed for its accuracy.

3. **Analyzing Population Growth**: In reality, populations tend to grow geometrically (exponentially) under ideal conditions, meaning their numbers can increase rapidly over time. This is often represented as a J-shaped curve in population dynamics.

4. **Analyzing Resource Growth**: Conversely, resources such as food and space generally increase arithmetically (linearly). This means that resources do not grow as quickly as the populations that depend on them.

5. **Conclusion from Analysis**: Since populations grow geometrically while resources grow arithmetically, this leads to a situation where the population outgrows the available resources, resulting in competition. Therefore, the assertion is true.

6. **Determining the Truth of the Reason**: The reason is false because it incorrectly states that populations multiply arithmetically.

7. **Final Answer**: Based on the analysis, the assertion is true, but the reason is false. Therefore, the correct answer is that the assertion is true, and the reason is false.