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The first element of groups 13-16 differ...

The first element of groups `13-16` differ rest of the elements This is due to .

A

Small size and high electronegativity

B

Inability to expand the octet

C

Ability to form strong` ppi` `ppi` multiple bonds

D

Due to greater abundance

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The correct Answer is:
To answer the question regarding why the first element of groups 13 to 16 differs from the rest of the elements in those groups, we can analyze the properties of these elements systematically. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Elements**: - Group 13: Boron (B) - Group 14: Carbon (C) - Group 15: Nitrogen (N) - Group 16: Oxygen (O) 2. **Understand the General Trend**: - As we move from left to right in the periodic table, the atomic size decreases due to an increase in nuclear charge, which pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus. 3. **Consider the Size and Electronegativity**: - The first elements (B, C, N, O) are smaller in size compared to their heavier counterparts in the same group. - This smaller size leads to a higher electronegativity for these first elements compared to the rest of the group. 4. **Inability to Expand the Octet**: - The first elements in these groups (B, C, N, O) do not have available d-orbitals to expand their octet. They are limited to forming bonds based on the number of valence electrons they possess (e.g., B has 3, C has 4, N has 5, O has 6). 5. **Ability to Form Strong pπ-pπ Multiple Bonds**: - The first elements can form strong pπ-pπ multiple bonds due to their small size and high electronegativity. This allows for effective overlap of p-orbitals, which is less effective in larger elements of the same group. 6. **Conclusion**: - The differences in size, electronegativity, the inability to expand the octet, and the ability to form strong pπ-pπ bonds are the key reasons why the first elements of groups 13 to 16 differ from the rest of the elements in those groups. ### Final Answer: The first element of groups 13 to 16 differs from the rest due to: - Smaller size and higher electronegativity. - Inability to expand the octet. - Ability to form strong pπ-pπ multiple bonds.
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