Gynogenic haploids are produced by using

Options

A. Unfertilized ovules
B. Fertilized ovules
C. Somatic embryo
D. Shoot apex

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Gynogenic Haploids:**
- Gynogenic haploids are haploid plants that are developed from the female reproductive structures, specifically the ovules. The term "gynogenic" refers to the development of haploids from the gynoecium (female part of the flower).

2. **Identifying the Process:**
- The process used to produce gynogenic haploids is known as ovule culture. This involves culturing the ovules in a controlled environment to induce the development of haploids.

3. **Choosing the Right Ovules:**
- In ovule culture, the type of ovules used is crucial. Unfertilized ovules are the correct choice for producing gynogenic haploids. These are ovules that have not undergone fertilization and can be manipulated to develop into haploids.

4. **Evaluating Other Options:**
- Fertilized ovules cannot be used for gynogenic haploid production, as they are already involved in the natural fertilization process.
- Somatic embryos and shoot apex do not relate to the production of gynogenic haploids through ovule culture.

5. **Conclusion:**
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question "Gynogenic haploids are produced by using" is **unfertilized ovules**.

**Final Answer:**
Gynogenic haploids are produced by using **unfertilized ovules**.

---