During the somatic hybridisation, the cells are treated with enzymes

Options

A. PEG
B. Cellulase, pectinase
C. Electrofusion
D. All of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Somatic Hybridization:**
- Somatic hybridization is a technique used to combine the genetic material of two different plant cells. This process allows for the creation of hybrid cells that can exhibit traits from both parent cells.

2. **Protoplast Fusion:**
- The key process in somatic hybridization is protoplast fusion, where the cell walls of two plant cells are removed, allowing their protoplasts (the living part of the cell) to fuse together. This fusion results in the formation of a new hybrid cell.

3. **Role of Enzymes:**
- To facilitate the removal of the cell wall, enzymes are used. The primary components of the plant cell wall are cellulose and pectin. Therefore, specific enzymes are required to digest these components.

4. **Identifying the Correct Enzymes:**
- The enzymes used in somatic hybridization include:
- **Cellulase:** This enzyme breaks down cellulose.
- **Pectinase:** This enzyme breaks down pectin.
- Both cellulase and pectinase are crucial for the successful fusion of protoplasts.

5. **Evaluating the Options:**
- The options provided are:
- **PEG (Polyethylene Glycol):** This is a chemical, not an enzyme.
- **Cellulase:** This is an enzyme used in the process.
- **Pectinase:** This is also an enzyme used in the process.
- **Electrofusion:** This is a method, not an enzyme.
- Based on this evaluation, the correct answer is that the cells are treated with cellulase and pectinase.

6. **Conclusion:**
- The correct answer to the question is that during somatic hybridization, the cells are treated with cellulase and pectinase.

**Final Answer:**
- The correct option is **Cellulase and Pectinase** (Option 2).

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