What would happen if there is failure of receiving the atrial impulse by the ventricles or completely independent contraction of the atria and the ventricles ?
A - Ventricular escape
B - Stokes - Adams syndrome
C - Irregularity in heart rhythm
D - Arteriosclerosis

Options

A. A only
B. A and B
C. A, B and C
D. A, B, C and D

Answer

To address the question regarding the consequences of a failure in receiving the atrial impulse by the ventricles or the independent contraction of the atria and ventricles, we can analyze the options provided:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Atrial and Ventricular Contraction**:
- The heart functions through a coordinated contraction of the atria and ventricles. The atrial impulse is crucial for the ventricles to contract effectively. If this impulse is not received, it leads to a lack of synchronization between the heart chambers.

2. **Option A - Ventricular Escape**:
- Ventricular escape refers to a situation where the ventricles begin to contract independently of the atria due to a failure in receiving the atrial impulse. This can occur when there is a block in the conduction pathway, leading to a slower heart rate and potentially inadequate blood flow.

3. **Option B - Stokes-Adams Syndrome**:
- This syndrome is characterized by sudden fainting due to a significant drop in cardiac output, often resulting from a complete block in the electrical conduction system of the heart. It is a consequence of the failure of the atrial impulse to reach the ventricles.

4. **Option C - Irregularity in Heart Rhythm**:
- Independent contractions of the atria and ventricles would certainly lead to an irregular heart rhythm. This lack of coordination can result in arrhythmias, which are abnormal heart rhythms.

5. **Option D - Arteriosclerosis**:
- Arteriosclerosis is a condition related to the hardening and narrowing of blood vessels, which is not directly caused by the failure of atrial impulses. It is more related to vascular health rather than electrical conduction issues in the heart.

### Conclusion:
Given the analysis of the options, the most relevant consequences of the failure of receiving the atrial impulse by the ventricles or independent contractions are:
- **A - Ventricular escape**
- **B - Stokes-Adams syndrome**
- **C - Irregularity in heart rhythm**

Thus, the correct answer is a combination of **A, B, and C**.